chalazal การใช้

Three "'antipodal cells "'form on the opposite ( chalazal ) end of the ovule and later degenerate.
They are white, with dark innercoats and red-purplish chalazal spots for the acidic varieties, and colorless for the sweet ones.
The upper or chalazal pole becomes the main area of growth of the embryo, while the lower or micropylar pole produces the stalk-like suspensor that attaches to the micropyle.
Anderson " et al . " ( 2005 ) wrote : " synapomorphic characters that link the fossils seeds [ of " P . splendens " ] to extant " Aldrovanda " include hard testa with an outer epidermis of palisade cells and with a smooth, strongly reflecting surface, short micropylar neck, and extruding, pointed chalazal area ".
Gvaladze is author of more than 180 scientific-research publications ( among them 2 monographs and 1 manual ) in the fields of Embryology of Flowering Plants, Double Fertilization, Apomixis, Ultrastructural research of Embryo Sac, etc . She is author of the Hypothesis about the stimulatory role of the Chalazal Polar Nucleus of the Central Cell of Angiosperm as compared to the Embryo in the preferential development of the Endosperm ( 1973-1974 ).