leukoplakias การใช้

Some follow-up studies have shown malignant transformation of a proportion of leukoplakias.
Other studies have indicated that somewhere between 3 and 6 percent of oral leukoplakias go on to become cancerous, Martin said.
The latest study demonstrated that such products, especially snuff, are associated with pre-cancerous lesions in the mouth lining known as leukoplakias.
Mutations of p53 have been demonstrated in the cells from areas of some leukoplakias, especially those with dysplasia and in individuals who smoke and drink heavily.
Human papilloma virus ( HPV ), especially HPV 16 and 18, is sometimes found in areas of leukoplakia, however since this virus can be coincidentally found on normal, healthy mucosal surfaces in the mouth, it is unknown if this virus is involved in the development of some leukoplakias . " In vitro " experimentation has demonstrated that HPV 16 is capable of inducing dysplastic changes in previously normal squamous epithelium.