myokymia การใช้

Samii et al . and Scharwey and Samii described a patient who had superior oblique myokymia for 17 years.
Myokymia is commonly used to describe an involuntary eyelid muscle contraction, typically involving the lower eyelid or less often the upper eyelid.
Superior oblique myokymia is an uncommon neurological condition caused by vascular compression of the trochlear nerve resulting in repeated, brief, involuntary episodes of movement of the eye.
In contrast, facial myokymia is a fine rippling of muscles on one side of the face and may reflect an underlying tumor in the brainstem ( typically a brainstem glioma ), loss of myelin in the brainstem ( associated with multiple sclerosis ) or in the recovery stage of Guillain Barr?syndrome, an inflammatory polyneuropathy that may affect the facial nerve.
Other disorders that may be accompanied by chorea include abetalipoproteinemia, ataxia-telangiectasia, biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease, Fahr disease, familial dyskinesia-facial myokymia ( Bird-Raskind syndrome ) due to an ADCY5 gene mutation, glutaric aciduria, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, mitochondrial disorders, Wilson disease, hyperthyroidism, lupus erythematosus, pregnancy ( chorea gravidarum ), and side effects of certain anticonvulsants or psychotropic agents.