noctilio การใช้

The fungus Amylostereum areolatum weakens trees and allows insects such as the Sirex noctilio ( European wood wasp ) to take over massive numbers of forests.
By the spring of 2011, " S . noctilio " had been found in Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont.
The genus includes economically important pests; " S . noctilio ", known simply as the'Sirex woodwasp'is an invasive species, having spread widely across the world from its original range.
The " A . areolatum " Sirex woodwasp ( " S . noctilio " ) symbiont complex has been studied extensively because of its potential to cause substantial economic losses in the forestry industry, particularly in non-native regions.
Terrestrial mammals were plentiful, and the fauna included many megaherbivores, like the ground sloth " Acremylodon campbelli ", Toxodontidae ( e . g . " Gyrinodon " and " Trigodon " ), Proterotheriidae, and Stirtonia " and the bulldog bat " Noctilio lacrimaelunaris ".