fetal circulation การใช้

• The fetal circulation of humans has been extensively studied by the health sciences.
• Fetal circulation does not include the lungs, which are bypassed via the truncus arteriosus.
• The condition is called persistent fetal circulation and soon results in severe respiratory distress.
• Fetal circulation begins within the 8th week of development.
• The sinus venosus connects to the fetal circulation.
• Once in the fetal circulation, lead readily enters the developing brain through the immature blood brain barrier ".
• Insulin and glucagon can be detected in the human fetal circulation by the fourth or fifth month of fetal development.
• The advent of breathing and the severance of the umbilical cord prompt various neuroendocrine changes that shortly transform fetal circulation into postnatal circulation.
• The chorion acts as a barrier between the maternal and fetal circulation so that there is no admixture of maternal and fetal blood.
• Much is known also of fetal circulation in other animals, especially livestock and model organisms such as mice, through the health sciences, veterinary science, and life sciences generally.
• Cardiovascular diseases may also be congenital in nature, such as heart defects or persistent fetal circulation, where the circulatory changes that are supposed to happen after birth do not.
• In 1890, research done by William Henry Howell indicated that certain red blood cells found both in fetal circulation and bone marrow ( of a cat ) had unusual granulation.
• Proposed etiologies include a variable form of neurofibromatosis, lipomatous degeneration, disturbed fetal circulation, trophic influence of a tumified nerve, in utero disturbance of growth-limiting factor or an error in segmentation.
• The birth process is a huge transition for the fetal circulation, as it changes from getting oxygen from the maternal circulation via the placenta through the umbilical cord, to getting oxygen via the baby's lungs.
• The placenta utilizes maternal cholesterol as the initial substrate, and most of the produced progesterone enters the maternal circulation, but some is picked up by the fetal circulation and used as substrate for fetal corticosteroids.
• Normally the maternal circulation and the fetal circulation are kept from direct contact with each other, with gas and nutrient exchange taking place across a membrane in the placenta made of two layers, the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast.
• This compresses the esophagus and trachea because of the persistence of a ductal ligament ( from fetal circulation ) that may connect between the aorta on the front and the left subclavian artery posteriorly going to the left arm.
• Blood in the maternal circulation is delivered via open ended arterioles to the intervillous space of the chorionic plate, where it bathes the chorionic villi that carry umbilical capillary beds, thereby allowing gas exchange to occur between the maternal and fetal circulation.
• While " bootstrap " is an irrelevant metaphor ( used precisely bootstrapping alludes to a self-starting process ) for the maternal-fetal circulation, the circulation itself is common all the way to term with respect to alteripse 12 : 01, 12 July 2005 ( UTC)
• The physiologic basis lies in pregnancy whereby the mutated gene product, retinol binding protein ( RBP ), has negative effects in transferring vitamin A from maternal liver storage sites to the placenta, and then again on the fetal circulation side when delivering vitamin A from the placenta to developing fetal tissues, most notably the developing eye.