microbial rhodopsins การใช้

• Bacteriorhodopsin belongs to the microbial rhodopsins.
• A phylogenetic analysis of microbial rhodopsins and a detailed analysis of potential examples of horizontal gene transfer have been published.
• Nevertheless, microbial rhodopsins and GPCRs are possibly evolutionarily related, based on the similarity of their three-dimensional structures.
• His current research includes single-molecule spectroscopy of microbial rhodopsins, the motion of bacteria in mucus, and new magneto-optical and chiroptical effects in organic molecules.
• The internal proton acceptor and donor groups, corresponding to D212 and D115 in bacteriorhodopsin, are clearly different from other microbial rhodopsins, indicating that their spatial positions in the protein were relocated during evolution.
• Visual rhodopsins are recognized members of the large and diverse family of TMS ) or 8-TMS proteins arose by intragenic duplication of a gene encoding a 4-TMS protein, sometimes followed by loss of an N-terminal TMS . Subsequently, the TSUP, GPCR and microbial rhodopsin families were shown to be related to each other and to six other recognized transport protein families.