objective probability การใช้

• This kind of objective probability is sometimes called'chance '.
• The inferences are based on a known objective probability distribution that was specified in the study protocol.
• Decisions are said to be ambiguous if there are no objective probabilities given and it is difficult or impossible to assign subjective probabilities to events.
• Along with David Deutsch and David Wallace, he has developed techniques for deriving the Born Rule, which relates quantum amplitudes to objective probabilities.
• A guess is intrinsically worth testing if it has plausibility or reasonably objective probability, while subjective likelihood, though reasoned, can be misleadingly seductive.
• He describes subjective probability as objective probability with the added element of human judgment of how relevant a stimulus is to the task, and notes that P300 amplitude is directly related to the amount of uncertainty that is reduced by a stimulus.
• By presuming that decision-makers themselves incorporate an accurate weighting of probabilities into calculating expected values for their decision-making, EUT assumes that people s subjective probability-weighting matches objective probability differences, when they are, in reality, exceedingly disparate.
• In probability theory, the "'minimal-entropy martingale measure ( MEMM ) "'is the risk-neutral probability measure that minimises the entropy difference between the objective probability measure, P, and the risk-neutral measure, Q.
• In a finite probability model, for objective probabilities p _ i and risk-neutral probabilities q _ i then one must minimise the Kullback Leibler divergence D _ { KL } ( Q \ | P ) = \ sum _ { i = 1 } ^ N q _ i \ ln \ left ( \ frac { q _ i } { p _ i } \ right ) subject to the requirement that the expected return is r, where r is the risk-free rate.