teleonomy การใช้

One is teleonomy which Monod defines as the characteristic of being " endowed with a purpose or project " ( Monod, 9 ).
In 1970, Jacques Monod, in " Chance and Necessity, an Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology ", suggested teleonomy as a key feature that defines life:
Subsequently philosophers like Ernest Nagel further analysed the concept of goal-directedness in biology and by 1982, philosopher and historian of science David Hull joked about the use of teleology and teleonomy by biologists:
Monod later retracts autonomous morphogenesis ( spontaneous structuration ) as a property of living beings and says instead that it should be thought of as " mechanism " leaving two essential properties of living beings : reproductive invariance and structural teleonomy.
In the essay " Chance and Necessity " ( 1970 ) Jacques Monod rejected the role of final causation in biology, instead arguing that a mixture of efficient causation and " pure chance " lead to teleonomy, or merely " apparent " purposefulness.