abrin การใช้

• One molecule of abrin will inactivate up to 1, 500 ribosomes per second.
• Abrin works by penetrating the cells of the body and inhibiting cell protein synthesis.
• Exposure to abrin on the skin can cause an redness, irritation, and pain.
• Typical toxalbumins are abrin and ricin.
• Following ingestion of abrin, initial symptoms usually occur rapidly, but can take up to 5 days to appear.
• Kuntal Patel from London attempted to poison her " controlling and selfish " mother with abrin after the latter interfered with her marriage plans.
• Abrin, like ricin, is a ribosome inhibiting protein and the toxin can also be found in the seeds of the castor oil plant.
• The severity of the effects of abrin poisoning vary on the means of exposure to the substance ( whether inhaled, ingested, or injected ).
• The major symptoms of abrin poisoning depend on the route of exposure and the dose received, though many organs may be affected in severe cases.
• Ehrlich rejected inheritance in the genetic sense because the offspring of a male mouse immunized against abrin and an untreated female mouse were not immune to abrin.
• Ehrlich rejected inheritance in the genetic sense because the offspring of a male mouse immunized against abrin and an untreated female mouse were not immune to abrin.
• The plant is best known for its seeds, which are used as beads and in percussion instruments, and which are toxic because of the presence of abrin.
• The later signs and symptoms of exposure are caused by abrin's cytotoxic effects, killing cells in the kidney, liver, adrenal glands, and central nervous system.
• Initial symptoms of abrin poisoning by inhalation may occur within 8 hours of exposure but a more typical time course is 18 24 hours; they can prove fatal within 36 72 hours.
• The toxin abrin is a subunits, termed A and B . The B chain facilitates abrin's entry into a cell by bonding to certain transport proteins on cell membranes, which then transport the toxin into the cell.
• The toxin abrin is a subunits, termed A and B . The B chain facilitates abrin's entry into a cell by bonding to certain transport proteins on cell membranes, which then transport the toxin into the cell.
• By attaching to a carbohydrate chain on the cell surface, the abrin molecule anchors itself to the cell, is subsequently engulfed and enters the inner parts of the cell where it reacts with a ribosomal subunit and interferes with the normal protein synthesis process of the cell.
• Among the RIPs are some of the most toxic molecules known, including ricin and abrin ( the latter is the poison preferred by the characters in " enzymatically inactivate the ribosomes, shutting down protein synthesis and resulting in cell death, and eventually causing death of the victim.
• But the depth of Hutchkinson's antagonism is unmistakable : he suggests that readers kill Catholics by soaking their rosary beads in Phytotoxin abrin, a toxin derived from a rare bean; he writes that botulinum is " fun and easy to make "; and he urges survivalists around the world to hone their skills, readying themselves for biological warfare in the coming Armageddon.
• Symptoms are identical to those of ricin, except abrin is more toxic by almost two orders of magnitude; the fatal dose of abrin is approximately 1 / 75th that of the fatal dose of ricin ( though the abrin in ingested seeds may be absorbed much more slowly than the ricin in " Ricinus communis " even if the seeds are chewed and the coat penetrated, allowing time for successful rescue efforts in at least some cases . ) Abrin has an of only 0.56 ?g / kg in mice, and Kingsbury lists a toxic dose in humans at 0.00015 % body weight, or approximately 0.1 mg for a 150 lb human.