acanthocephala การใช้

• Rotifera, Acanthocephala and Seisonida make up a clade called Syndermata.
• The Acanthocephala were thought to be a discrete phylum.
• "' Tenuisentidae "'is a family of parasitic worms from the phylum Acanthocephala.
• The Acanthocephala, previously considered to be a separate phylum, have been demonstrated to be modified rotifers.
• Invertebrates also include the Acanthocephala or spiny-headed worms, the Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and the Cycliophora.
• "' Neoechinorhynchida "'is an order of parasitic worms from the ( phylum Acanthocephala ).
• "' Polyacanthorhynchidae "'is a family of parasitic worms from the ( phylum Acanthocephala ).
• These include Cestoda ( tapeworms ), Acanthocephala ( thorny headed worms ), Nematoda ( roundworms ), Digenea and Spirurida.
• Several species of endoparasitic Acanthocephala and Nematoda such as " Hispaniolepis fedtschenkoi ", have been described from the species.
• ""'Moniliformis moniliformis " "'is a parasite of the Acanthocephala phylum in the family Moniliformidae.
• Other nematode species known to infect stoats include " Taenia tenuicollis ", " Mesocestoides lineatus " and rarely " Acanthocephala ".
• However, for practical considerations the term is still used nowadays to describe four groups with superficial similarities, the phyla Annelida, Platyhelminths, Nematoda and Acanthocephala.
• One possibility is that the Acanthocephala are closer to the Bdelloidea and Monogononta than to the Seisonidea; the corresponding names and relationships are shown in the cladogram below.
• Originally classified as a separate phylum, molecular and morphological evidence accumulated between 1994 and 2014 to indicate that Acanthocephala forms a monophyletic group with Bdelloidea, Monogononta and Seisonidea.
• Transcriptome results published in 2014 support a refined version of the scenario in the bottom left, with Bdelloidea as a sister group to Seisonidea + Acanthocephala, and Monogononta as an outgroup.
• ""'Acanthocephala declivis " "'is a species of North American true bugs with a range from the southern United States to Guatemala and some Caribbean islands.
• "' Filicollosis "'is a parasitic disease of ducks, geese and other waterbirds caused by " Filicollis anatis ", a species of acanthocephala of the polymorphidae family.
• Modern molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrate that this classic understanding of'Rotifera'is incomplete ( paraphyletic ), because it omits a fourth clade of closely related organisms : the Acanthocephala, or thorny-headed worms.
• A study of the gene order in the mitochondria suggests that " Seisonidea " and " Acanthocephala " are sister clades and that the " Bdelloidea " are the sister clade to this group.
• The genus name " Acanthocephala " means " spiny head " and was inspired by the pointed tylus at the tip of the head . " Acanthocephala femorata " is found in the continental United States and Mexico.