actitis การใช้

• The Late Pliocene fossil described as " Actitis balcanica " appears to be actually from some indeterminate charadriid.
• "Actitis " is part of the tattler-phalarope clade and less closely related to the calidrid sandpipers.
• Phalaropes are close relatives of the tattlers, the " Actitis " and Terek sandpipers, and also of the turnstones and calidrids.
• Hybridization has also been reported between common ( " Actitis hypoleucos " ) and spotted sandpipers ( " Actitis macularia " ).
• Hybridization has also been reported between common ( " Actitis hypoleucos " ) and spotted sandpipers ( " Actitis macularia " ).
• Other species closely associated with water have also been recorded  the various kingfishers, spotted sandpiper ( " Actitis macularia " ) and the two species of waterthrush.
• As hybridisation in shorebirds is extremely commonplace and " Actitis " is among the closer relatives of the Terek sandpiper, such pairings ( should they indeed occur ) may produce hybrid offspring.
• The reason for this is that " matakakoni " means " bird that walks a little, then copulates ", in reference to the pumping tail and thrusting head movements the " Actitis " species characteristically perform during foraging.
• As the common name " sandpiper " is shared by some calidrids with more distantly related birds such as the " Actitis " species, the term "'stint "'is preferred in Britain for the smaller species of this group.
• The Terek sandpiper likes to associate with ruddy turnstones ( " Arenaria interpres " ), smallish calidrids, and " Charadrius " ( but maybe not " Pluvialis " ) plovers; a vagrant bird at Paraty ( Rio de Janeiro state ) was noted to pair up with a spotted sandpiper ( " Actitis macularius " ).
• There are also many species of shorebirds, such as the wood sandpiper ( Tringa glareola ), the common redshank ( Tringa totanus ), the dunlin ( Calidris alpina ), purple sandpiper ( Calidris maritima ), the common sandpiper ( Actitis hypoleucos ), the common snipe ( Gallinago gallinago ), the ruff ( Philomachus pugnax ) and the Whimbrel ( Numenius phaeopus ).
• Based on the degree of DNA sequence divergence and putative shank and phalarope fossils from around the Oligocene / Miocene boundary some 23-22 million years ago, presumably " Actitis " diverged from its closest relatives in the Late Oligocene; given the much higher diversity of the prehistoric members of the group in Eurasia it is likely that they originated there, possibly being isolated as the remains of the Turgai Sea dried up, which happened just around this time.