adenyl การใช้

• The enzyme is able to attach an adenyl moiety to the 4'hydroxyl group of many aminoglycosides, including kamamycin and gentamicin.
• Gs alpha binds to adenyl cyclase, thus converting ATP into cyclic AMP . Cyclic AMP binds to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A : Protein kinase A phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase.
• My essay is shaping up ok now, can someone read this and tell me if its correct :'PTH acts by binding to Calcium sensing receptors ( CaSR ) in the kidneys activating renal adenyl cyclase to increase intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP which activates protein kinase A and C .'Although now I've got a bit stuck again, what would activating protein kinase A and C do?
• G proteins types to which they link and activate, i . e . those containing the Gs alpha subunit, Gi alpha subunit, Gq alpha subunit and / or G12 subunit; and "'f ) "'signaling pathways which they regulate including Adenyl cyclase which when activated increases cellular cAMP and when inhibited reduces the cellular levels of this secondary messenger; Phosphoinositide 3-kinase which when activated is responsible for forming phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol ( 3, 4 )-bisphosphate, and phosphatidylinositol ( 3, 4, 5 )-trisphosphate secondary messengers; Phospholipase C ( PLC ) which when activated is responsible for forming Inositol trisphosphate ( IP3 ) and diacylglycerol secondary messengers that are, respectively, responsible for raising the levels of Ca 2 + in the cellular cytosol to control the activity of Ca 2 +-cell signaling agents and for activating protein kinase C ( PKC ) secondary messengers; and Extracellular signal regulated kinases ( ERK ), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases ( p38 Mpk ), and cAMP response element-binding protein ( CREB ) which when activated phosphorylate and thereby influence the activity of key proteins that govern cell function.