annexins การใช้
- In humans, the annexins are found inside the cell.
- Several subfamilies of annexins have been identified based on structural and functional differences.
- The annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins.
- Annexins are present in several different endocytotic processes.
- Annexins can function as scaffolding proteins to anchor other proteins to the cell membrane.
- Several annexins have been shown to have active roles in the organization of the membrane.
- Annexins have been found to be involved in the transport and also sorting of endocytotic events.
- The variability of the N-terminus is a physical construct for variation between subfamilies of annexins.
- The structural diversity of annexins is the grounds for the functional range of these complex, intracellular messengers.
- The other group, called annexins, bind calcium and phospholipid ( e . g ., lipocortin ).
- Annexin A-I seems to be one of the most heavily involved annexins in anti-inflammatory responses.
- It is highly similar to human annexins I and II sequences, each of which contain four such repeats.
- The first study to identify annexins was published by Creutz " et al . " ( 1978 ).
- The calcium-binding sites are required for annexins to aggregate and cooperatively bind anionic phospholipids and extracellular matrix proteins.
- They may also occur in BcL-2 like protein, in some amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides, and in certain annexins.
- Annexins are characterized by their calcium dependent ability to bind to negatively charged phospholipids ( i . e . membrane walls ).
- Thus, matrix vesicles convey to the extracellular matrix calcium, phosphate, lipids and the annexins which act to nucleate mineral formation.
- In some annexins it can become phosphorylated and can cause affinity changes for calcium in the core region or alter cytoplasmic protein interaction.
- A-II can also use its long N-terminal to form a heterotrimer between a S100 protein and two peripheral annexins.
- While several annexins may be involved in mechanisms of fibrinolysis, annexin A-II is the most prominent in mediating these responses.
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