apamin การใช้

• Through research about the neurotoxicity of apamin some symptoms were discovered.
• Apamin is expected to influence these processes by inhibiting SK channels.
• This shed some light on the kinetics of apamin itself.
• Apamin is the only neurotoxin acting purely on the central nervous system.
• Pi4 competes with apamin, another SK-channel toxin.
• Apamin binds to the SK channels, which differ slightly in different tissues.
• The current lethal dose values of apamin measured in mice are given below.
• Cloned SK2 are most sensitive for Apamin in binding assays and physiological recordings.
• It has been shown that apamin enhances learning and memory in rats and mice.
• The peptide apamin is small enough to pass the glomerular barrier, facilitating renal excretion.
• This is unexpected, as this is the target organ for neurotoxicity caused by apamin.
• Apamin is an element in bee venom.
• In mice, the injection of apamin produces convulsions and long-lasting spinal spasticity.
• The central nervous system, contrarily, was found to contain only very small amounts of apamin.
• Some other organs, including kidney and brain, contained only small amounts of the apamin derivative.
• So apamin binding is probably stronger in SK channels in the ventricular system than in other tissues.
• However, Tamapin displaces Apamin in binding assays and is therefore a stronger toxin with respect to Apamin.
• However, Tamapin displaces Apamin in binding assays and is therefore a stronger toxin with respect to Apamin.
• This may provide a basis for the use of apamin as a treatment for memory disorders and cognitive dysfunction.
• The symptoms of apamin toxicity are not well known, because people are not easily exposed to the toxin alone.