atracurium การใช้

• Bronchospasm has been reported on occasion with the use of atracurium.
• Moreover, cisatracurium represents approximately 15 % of the atracurium mixture.
• Chlortetracycline may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Atracurium besylate.
• Atracurium's groups are " reversed ester " linkages.
• These include tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, doxacurium, gantacurium and cisatracurium.
• Cisatracurium is one of the ten isomers of the parent molecule, atracurium.
• Struggling, restlessness, and seizures can increase paralyzed with drugs such as atracurium.
• Unlike the two steroidal agents, neither atracurium nor laudanosine caused such accumulation of intracellular calcium.
• See the atracurium page for information on Hofmann elimination in vivo versus the Hofmann degradation chemical reaction.
• Examples of skeletal muscle relaxants in use today are pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium, mivacurium, and succinylcholine.
• Mivacurium, atracurium, and doxacurium have greater N-N distance and molecular length than d-tubocurarine even when bent.
• "Cis "-atracurium is very similar to atracurium except it is more potent and has a weaker tendency to cause histamine release.
• "Cis "-atracurium is very similar to atracurium except it is more potent and has a weaker tendency to cause histamine release.
• Of the many tried as replacements, only a few enjoyed as much popularity as tubocurarine : pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium, atracurium, and cisatracurium.
• Laudanosine is also a metabolite of cisatracurium that, because of its identical structure to atracurium, undergoes chemodegradation via Hofmann elimination " in vivo ".
• Unlike the pH-and temperature-dependent chemodegradation seen with atracurium and cisatracurium, the inactivation of gantacurium via cysteine adduct formation is independent of body pH and temperature.
• The two reverse ester linkages in the bridge between the two isoquinolinium groups make atracurium and cisatracurium poor targets for plasma cholinesterase, unlike mivacurium which has two conventional ester linkages.
• The orientation of the two O atoms in the bridge is to the THIQ side of the carbonyl C = O group, whereas in Atracurium the O atom is on the bridge side.
• As is evident with the parent molecule, atracurium, cisatracurium is also susceptible to degradation by Hofmann elimination and ester hydrolysis as components of the " in vivo " metabolic processes.
• Just over two decades later with uninterrupted clinical availability of atracurium, there is now little doubt that laudanosine accumulation and related toxicity will likely ever be seen with the doses of atracurium that are administered in clinical practice.