avirulent การใช้

• The avirulent strain, CMM100, does not contain these plasmids.
• Such transfers create virulent strains from previously avirulent strains.
• Such transfer creates virulent strains from previously avirulent " Agrobacteria ".
• The vaccine is a genetically modified avirulent vaccine that has demonstrated protection against O78 and untypeable strains.
• Passive immunity may protect against challenge with homologous IBDV, as does previous infection with homologous avirulent strains.
• The virulent and avirulent strains produced the same amount of ectopolysaccharides, suggesting that EPS does not play a significant role in pathogenicity.
• The research continued throughout World War I until 1919, when the now avirulent bacilli were unable to cause tuberculosis disease in research animals.
• The parasite contains virulent-avirulent allelic combinations in several microsatellite loci, likewise the host contains several multiloci resistance genes ( or R gene ).
• The avirulence gene leads to the pathogen being avirulent, or unable to induce disease on a specific variety of plant hosts, those being the ones carrying the corresponding resistance genes.
• In mild and avirulent viruses, the structure of the hemagglutinin means that it can only be cleaved by proteases found in the throat and lungs, so these viruses cannot infect other tissues.
• ETI is a strong immune response that efficiently protects plants from avirulent biotrophic pathogens and is often associated with the hypersensitive reaction ( HR ), a form of programmed death of plant cells at infection sites.
• Virulent isolates proceed through the ( 3-indolylmethyl ) dithiocarbamate " S "-oxide intermediate, while avirulent isolates first convert brassinin to " N "-acetyl-3-indolylmethylamine and 3-indolylmethylamine.
• The Ti plasmid is lost when " Agrobacterium " is grown above 28 癈 . Such cured bacteria do not induce crown galls, i . e . they become avirulent . pTi and pRi share little sequence homology but are functionally rather similar.
• The S form is more virulent, and bears a subcutaneously with S form, mice succumbed to pneumonia and death within several days . However, the R form, lacking a capsule its outer surface being cell wall is relatively avirulent, and does not cause pneumonia as often.
• The Treanor et al . study was on vaccine produced from the human isolate ( A / Vietnam / 1203 / 2004 H5N1 ) of a virulent clade 1 influenza A ( H5N1 ) virus with the use of a plasmid rescue system, with only the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes expressed and administered without adjuvant . " The rest of the genes were derived from an avirulent egg-adapted influenza A / PR / 8 / 34 strain.