azadirachtin การใช้

• Neem extract ( Azadirachtin ) is also on the organic list.
• Azadirachtin fulfills many of the criteria needed for a good insecticide.
• Certain limonoids are insecticides such as azadirachtin from the neem tree.
• A component in the resin is an effective insecticide; see azadirachtin.
• The cake contains salannin, nimbin, azadirachtin and azadiradione as the major components.
• Azadirachtin is the active ingredient in many pesticides including TreeAzin, AzaMax, BioNEEM, and AzaGuard.
• Among the products with low impact, azadirachtin is a natural repellent extracted from the fruits of the neem tree.
• The company is now expanding its range of products away from Azadirachtin, its core product extracted from neem seed kernel.
• Of these, azadirachtin and meliantriol are used as locust antifeedants while salannin is used as an antifeedant for the housefly.
• Azadirachtin is formed via an elaborate biosynthetic pathway, but is believed that the steroid tirucallol is the precursor to the neem triterpenoid secondary metabolites.
• Botanical pesticides derived directly from plants such as the neem tree ( source of azadirachtin active ingredient ) are an alternative to commercial chemical pesticides.
• W . R . Grace patented in 1992 a process it developed that preserves azadirachtin, the primary active chemical produced by seeds of the neem tree.
• It is currently proposed that the target molecule is arrived at by biosynthetically converting azadirone into salanin, which is then heavily oxidized and cyclized to reach azadirachtin.
• At issue is a method of extracting and preserving azadirachtin, the primary active chemical produced by seeds of the neem tree, universally cultivated and exploited in India.
• Azadirachtin has a complex molecular structure; it presents both secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups and a tetrahydrofuran ether in its molecular structure, alongside 16 stereogenic centres, 7 of which are tetrasubstituted.
• Citrus fruits contain the limonoids limonin, nomilin and nomilinic acid, while both neem seeds and leaves contain the "'limonoid "'azadirachtin, although higher concentrations are present in the former.
• Azadirachtin is biodegradable ( it degrades within 100 hours when exposed to light and water ) and shows very low toxicity to mammals ( the in rats is > 3, 540 mg / kg making it practically non-toxic ).
• Because pure neem oil contains other insecticidal and fungicidal compounds in addition to azadirachtin, it is generally mixed at a rate of 1 ounce per gallon ( 7.8 ml / l ) of water when used as a pesticide.
• The use of botanical pesticides is widespread and notable examples include Azadirachtin from the neem ( " Azadirachta indica " ), d-Limonene from Citrus species, Rotenone from " Derris ", Capsaicin from chili pepper and Pyrethrum.
• Many more compounds, related to azadirachtin, are present in the seeds as well as in the leaves and the bark of the neem tree which also show strong biological activities among various pest insects Effects of these preparations on beneficial arthropods are generally considered to be minimal.