bathmotropic การใช้

• The positive bathmotropic effect ), thus causing spontaneous muscle spasms ( tetany ) and paraesthesia ( the sensation of " pins and needles " ) of the extremities and round the mouth.
• When the plasma ionized calcium rises above normal ( hypercalcemia ) more calcium is bound to these sodium channels having a negative bathmotropic effect on them, causing lethargy, muscle weakness, anorexia, constipation and labile emotions.
• While bathmotropic, as used herein, has been defined as pertaining to modification of the " excitability " of the heart, it can also refer to modification of the " irritability " of heart muscle, and the two terms are frequently used interchangeably.