caldesmon การใช้

• The binding of caldesmon is strongly influenced by tropomyosin.
• Ca2 + binds to and activates calmodulin, which then binds to caldesmon.
• The thin filament of smooth muscle is made of actin, tropomyosin, caldesmon, and calmodulin.
• It is involved in invasive cancers, apparently by reducing the activity of the actin regulatory protein caldesmon.
• Within this type of muscle, caldesmon and calmodulin control the tropomyosin-mediated transition between on and off activity states.
• Caldesmon binds to actin, tropomyosin, calmodulin, and myosin, of which its interactions with actin are most important.
• This binding causes the caldesmon protein to disengage from the actin filament, exposing the myosin-binding sites on the actin filament.
• Caldesmon is an inhibitor of actinomyosin ATPase and motility, and both actin binding and caldesmon inhibition are greatly enhanced in the presence of tropomyosin.
• Caldesmon is an inhibitor of actinomyosin ATPase and motility, and both actin binding and caldesmon inhibition are greatly enhanced in the presence of tropomyosin.
• Diagnosis may be aided by immunostaining; endometrial stromal nodules are positive for CD10; leiomyomas are positive for caldesmon and desmin ( and sometimes CD10 ).
• Unlike skeletal muscle cells, smooth muscle cells lack troponin, even though they contain the thin filament protein tropomyosin and other notable proteins  caldesmon and calponin.
• This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric systematic name of this enzyme class is "'caldesmon-phosphate phosphohydrolase " '.
• It was demonstrated that when a single smooth muscle cell is rhythmically stretched, it shows increased expression of a number of genes ( caldesmon, calpomin, ?-actine, smooth muscle myosin ), along with increased proliferation ability.
• Thus in both cases, ROCK activation by Rho induces the formation of actin stress fibers, actin filament bundles of opposing polarity, containing myosin II, tropomyosin, caldesmon and MLC-kinase, and consequently of focal contacts, which are immature integrin-based adhesion points with the extracellular substrate.