cellulases การใช้

• Several different kinds of cellulases are known, which differ structurally and mechanistically.
• Cellulases are produced by a few types of animals, such as some termites.
• However, there are also cellulases ( mostly endoglucanases ) that lack cellulose binding domains.
• Indeed, scientists have even modified yeast cells so they can make their own cellulases.
• One scientific article even called yeast an " ideal host strain " for producing cellulases.
• Depending on their amino acid sequence and tertiary structures, cellulases are divided into clans and families.
• In the hydrolysis process, these chains are broken down enzymatically using cellulases to unlock the sugar.
• These enzymes are capable of boosting significantly the action of other cellulases by oxidatively attacking a polysaccharide substrate.
• In many bacteria, cellulases in-vivo are complex enzyme structures organized in supramolecular complexes, the cellulosomes.
• Cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases are different exoenzymes that are involved in a wide variety of biotechnological and industrial applications.
• In many herbivorous animals such as ruminants like cattle and sheep and hindgut fermenters like horses, cellulases are produced by symbiotic bacteria.
• Fibrolytic enzymes, which are classified as cellulases, can hydrolyze the ? ( 1-> 4 ) bonds in plant polysaccharides.
• Plant wastes are broken down into useful products of energy sources by a group of enzymes called cellulases produced by different groups of microorganisms.
• Cellulases and hemicellulases are used in these industrial applications due to their ability to hydrolyze the cellulose and hemicellulose components found in these materials.
• Cellulases break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides ( " simple sugars " ) such as beta-glucose, or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides.
• This is consistent with cellulase not being toxic to yeast and no mention was made of any toxic effect of cellulases on the modified yeast.
• The range of variations in the production of cellulases can only be revealed through extensive exploration of numerous isolates of indigenous microorganisms found in a particular environment.
• Most fungal cellulases have a two-domain structure, with one catalytic domain and one cellulose binding domain, that are connected by a flexible linker.
• Examples of enzymes identified to date include amylases, pullulanases, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases, cellulases, xylanases, chitinases, proteases, alcohol dehydrogenase, and esterases.
• Cellulases ( endoglucanases ), cellobiosidases ( exoglucanases ), and beta-glucosidases are required by organisms ( some fungi, bacteria ) that can consume it.