cytotrophoblasts การใช้

• They arise from interstitial cytotrophoblasts from the process of phenocopying.
• Syncytin-1 expression on the surface of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts mediate fusion.
• Endovascular cytotrophoblasts, like their interstitial predecessor, are non-proliferating and invasive.
• They often surround the cytotrophoblasts, reminiscent of their normal anatomical relationship in chorionic villi.
• Cytotrophoblasts are polyhedral, mononuclear cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and a clear or pale cytoplasm.
• Although these invasive interstitial cytotrophoblasts can no longer divide, they retain their ability to form syncytia.
• Cytotrophoblasts are continually dividing, non-differentiated cells and syncytiotrophoblasts are fully differentiated, non dividing, fused cells.
• Furthermore, cytotrophoblasts fuse and differentiate into multinucleated synctiotrophoblast cells that are surrounded by maternal blood and cover the embryo.
• Oncomodulin has been found in cytotrophoblasts of human and rat placenta and in the early stages of embryos ( 5 ).
• Syncytin-1 expression in cytotrophoblasts promotes G1 / S transition and proliferation thereby ensuring continual replenishment of the cytotrophoblast pool.
• It is found to be expressed strongly in endothelial cells, cytotrophoblasts, and poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma cells found in lymphatics.
• The protein encoded by this gene stimulates the formation of a non-mitotic multinucleate syncytium from proliferative cytotrophoblasts during trophoblast differentiation.
• Multinucleated giant cells ( small syncytia ) are found in the placental bed and myometrium as a result of the fusion of interstitial cytotrophoblasts.
• Analyzing 40 full-term placental tissues with immunohistochemical staining and RT in situ PCR, shows strong expression of synctin-1 in synctiotrophoblasts compared to cytotrophoblasts.
• Research by Burton and Jauniaux suggests that cells called cytotrophoblasts, which anchor the placenta in the womb and invade the blood vessels to limit oxygen supply to the fetus, dissipate at around eight to 10 weeks.
• Initial maternal rejection of the placental cytotrophoblasts may be the cause of the inadequately remodeled spiral arteries in those cases of pre-eclampsia associated with shallow implantation, leading to downstream hypoxia and the appearance of maternal symptoms in response to upregulated sFlt-1 and sEng.