epicardium การใช้

• Blood vessels and nerves reach the cardiac muscle from the epicardium.
• The surgical removing of the epicardium is referred to as epicardiectomy.
• Adults have also been found in nodules on the epicardium of the heart.
• The epicardium is largely made of connective tissue and functions as a protective layer.
• Then mesothelial cells form the pericardium and migrate to form most of the epicardium.
• Initially ICDs were implanted via thoracotomy with defibrillator patches applied to the epicardium or pericardium.
• The epicardium is the layer immediately outside of the heart muscle proper ( the myocardium ).
• The foramen ovale, an atrial septal defect, or inflammation of the right atrial epicardium.
• They found differences in the response of epicardium and endocardium to a variety of drugs and neurotransmitters.
• The heart wall is made up of three layers : the inner endocardium, middle myocardium and outer epicardium.
• It consists of two membranes : an inner serous membrane called the epicardium, and an outer fibrous membrane.
• The myocardium forms from mesoderm cells surrounding the heart tube, while the epicardium develops from other cells, most likely from neural crest cells.
• Cardiomyocytes reach their maximum length of 150 \ mu m in the endocardium and 130 \ mu m in the epicardium by the addition of sarcomeres.
• Villous plaque is characterized by exophytic epicardial thickening, meaning that the growth occurs at the border of the epicardium and not the center of mass.
• The outer layer of the heart is termed epicardium and the heart is surrounded by a small amount of fluid enclosed by a fibrous sac called the pericardium.
• When the visceral layer of serous pericardium comes into contact with heart ( not the great vessels ) it is known as the "'epicardium " '.
• HAND factors function in the formation of the right ventricle, left ventricle, aortic arch arteries, epicardium, and endocardium implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease.
• His research team pioneered work demonstrating electrical heterogeneity within ventricular myocardium, showing that cells in the epicardium and endocardium differ with respect to electrical properties and response to pharmacologic agents.
• The "'myocardium "'is the muscle tissue of the heart, and forms a thick middle layer between the outer epicardium layer and the inner endocardium layer.
• The TCF21 product is mesoderm-specific and expressed in embryonic epicardium, mesenchyme-derived tissues of lung, gut, gonad, and both mesenchymal and glomerular epithelial cells in the kidney.