fructokinase การใช้

• It can be used at a substantial rate by fructokinase.
• This condition is caused by a deficiency of fructokinase in the liver.
• Unlike phosphofructokinase, fructokinase is not inhibited by ATP.
• Fructosuria or hepatic fructokinase deficiency is a rare but benign inherited metabolic disorder.
• In rat liver cells ( hepatocytes ), GTP is also a substrate of fructokinase.
• In tomatoes, fructokinase 1 ( Frk 1 ) mRNA is expressed at a constant level during fruit development.
• Fructokinase is needed for the synthesis of glycogen, the body's form of stored energy, from fructose.
• Biochemical abnormalities that may lead to the eventual diagnosis of fructosuria are hepatic fructokinase deficiency, levulosuria and ketohexokinase deficiency.
• Fructose is usually digested outside the hyphae using fructokinase activity, whereas glucose enters the cell undigested for cellular metabolism.
• There are also two divergent fructokinase genes that are differentially expressed and which also have different enzymatic properties such as those found in tomatoes.
• In human liver, purified fructokinase, when coupled with aldolase, has been discovered to contribute to an alternative mechanism to produce oxalate from xylitol.
• In coupled sequence, fructokinase and aldolase produce glycolaldehyde, a precursor to oxalate, from D-xylulose via D-xylulose 1-phosphate.
• Specifically, fructokinase may also regulate starch synthesis in conjunction with SS, sucrose synthase, which first metabolizes sink tissue in plant tissues such as in potatoes.
• However, fructokinase 2 ( Frk 2 ) mRNA has a high expression level in young tomato fruit but then decreases during the later stages of fruit development.
• A deficiency of aldolase B results in an accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate, and trapping of phosphate ( fructokinase requires adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) ).
• Fructose and galactose are phosphorylated in the liver by fructokinase ( K m = 0.5 mM ) and galactokinase ( K m = 0.8 mM ).
• In fructolysis, the enzyme fructokinase initially produces fructose 1-phosphate, which is split by aldolase B to produce the trioses dihydroxyacetone phosphate ( DHAP ) and glyceraldehyde.
• In " Sinorhizobium meliloti ", a common gram-soil bacterium, fructokinase is also used in the metabolism of mannitol and sorbitol, in addition to the metabolism of fructose.
• Pyruvate kinase is shown to convert phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate forming ATP from ADP . Along with phospho-fructokinase 1, pyruvate kinase is also allosterically activated by fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate.
• HIF-1-induced expression of these enzymes ( PFK-2 / FBPase-2 ) subsequently alters the balance of fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate which plays an important role as an allosteric activator of phospho-fructokinase 1 ( PFK-1 ).