glypican การใช้

• In " Drosophila ", the glypican " Hedgehog signaling in the developing wing.
• GPC3 is important in Sulf2-enhanced FGF signaling in vitro, so glypican-3 may mediate its own upregulation through Sulf2.
• Sulf2 also upregulated glypican-3, which is commonly overexpressed in HCC, by increasing ERK, AKT activation through enhanced FGF2 signaling.
• In humans, glypican-1 is overexpressed in breast and brain cancers ( gliomas ), while glypican-3 is overexpressed in liver cancers.
• In humans, glypican-1 is overexpressed in breast and brain cancers ( gliomas ), while glypican-3 is overexpressed in liver cancers.
• Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family ( GRIPS ) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage.
• Prior to the findings regarding AKT1 in 2011, other researchers expressed doubt regarding the involvement of PTEN or GPC3, which codes for glypican 3 and may play a role in regulating cell division and growth regulation.
• Also, the authors showed in an MEF model system, that Sulf1 and Sulf2 definitively and differentially modify HS proteoglycan fractions including cell surface, GPI-anchored ( glypican ), shed, and ECM-associated proteoglycans.
• Given several HSPGs ( perlecan, syndecan 1 / 3, glypican ) are upregulated and growth factor signaling through FGF-2, Wnt, BMP, and Noggin are modulated in OA, Sulfs and the modifications of HS may mediate an entirely new level of control over OA development.