heterochronic การใช้

• A creature in its ontogeny may combine heterochronic features in six vectors, although Gould considers that there is some binding with growth and sexual maturation.
• He has also continued work on heterochronic mutants and other aspects of cell lineage, and established lines of research in signal transduction, morphogenesis, and neural development.
• On the balance, an all or nothing approach could be regarded as pointless, with a combination of heterochronic processes being more likely and more reasonable ( Vrba, 1996 ).
• In a study that assumes the hominin status of " Ardipithecus ramidus ", it has been argued the species represents a heterochronic alteration of the more general great ape body plan.
• The study also provides support for Stephen Jay Gould's theory in " Ontogeny and Phylogeny " that the paedomorphic form of early hominin craniofacial morphology results from heterochronic dissociation of growth trajectories.
• This study demonstrated affinities between the skull morphology of " Ar . ramidus " and that of infant and juvenile chimpanzees, suggesting the species evolved a juvenalised or paedomorphic craniofacial morphology via heterochronic dissociation of growth trajectories.
• In line with this, recent experiments show that heterochronic parabiosis, i . e . connecting the circulatory systems of young and old animal, leads to the rejuvenation of the old animal, including restoration of proper stem cell function.
• In 2004, a study that used 310 wolf skulls and over 700 dog skulls representing 100 breeds, concluded that the evolution of dog skulls can generally not be described by heterochronic processes such as neoteny although some pedomorphic dog breeds have skulls that resemble the skulls of juvenile wolves.
• In nematodes, the LIN28 homolog lin-28 is a heterochronic gene that determines the onset of early larval stages of developmental events in Caenorhabditis elegans, by regulating the self-renewal of nematode stem cells in the skin ( called seam cells ) and vulva ( called VPCs ) during development.