holostei การใช้

• The oldest teleost fossils date back to the late Triassic, evolving from fish related to the bowfins in the clade Holostei.
• "' Holostei "'are bony fish that retain chondrosteans, the other group intermediate between teleosts and cartilaginous fish.
• While a halecostome pattern of neopterygian clades was produced in morphology-based analyses of extant actinopterygians, a different result was produced with fossil taxa which showed a monophyletic Holostei.
• Monophyletic Holostei were also recovered by at least two nuclear gene analyses, in an independent study of fossil and extant fishes, and in an analysis of ultraconserved genomic elements.
• Pachycormids represent an early branch of Holostei, the group most modern bony fishes belong to; in that case " Leedsichthys " is the largest known holost fish.
• The cladogram shows the relationship of the Holostei to other bony fish, the great majority of which are Teleosts, and to the terrestrial vertebrates ( tetrapods ) that evolved from a related group of fish.
• The polypterids ( bichirs and ropefish ) are the sister lineage of all other actinopterygians, The Acipenseriformes ( sturgeons and paddlefishes ) are the sister lineage of Neopterygii, and Holostei ( bowfin and gars ) are the sister lineage of teleosts.