hydroxyamphetamine การใช้

• 4-hydroxyamphetamine has some limitations to its use as a diagnostic tool.
• Tropicamide is occasionally administered in combination with p-hydroxyamphetamine ( brand name Paremyd ), which is a sympathomimetic.
• Metabolites of MDMA that have been identified in humans include 3, 4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine ( MDOH ).
• While 4 % cocaine instilled to the eyes can confirm the diagnosis of Horner's syndrome, Hydroxyamphetamine eye drops can differentiate the location of the lesion.
• For example : isopropyl ( isopropylamphetamine ), ethyl ( etilamfetamine ), butyl ( methylenedioxybutylamphetamine ), hydroxy ( 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine ).
• |caption = In humans, 4-hydroxyamphetamine is formed from CYP2D6 metabolism of amphetamine; 4-hydroxyamphetamine may subsequently be metabolized by dopamine ?-hydroxylase into 4-hydroxynorephedrine . }}
• |caption = In humans, 4-hydroxyamphetamine is formed from CYP2D6 metabolism of amphetamine; 4-hydroxyamphetamine may subsequently be metabolized by dopamine ?-hydroxylase into 4-hydroxynorephedrine . }}
• If it is intended as an immediate follow up to another mydriatic drug ( cocaine or apraclonidine ), then the patient must wait anywhere from a day to a week before 4-hydroxyamphetamine can be administered.
• Like amphetamine, 4-hydroxyamphetamine is an agonist of human TAAR1.4-Hydroxyamphetamine acts as an indirect sympathomimetic and causes the release of norepinephrine from nerve synapses which leads to mydriasis ( pupil dilation ).
• Like amphetamine, 4-hydroxyamphetamine is an agonist of human TAAR1.4-Hydroxyamphetamine acts as an indirect sympathomimetic and causes the release of norepinephrine from nerve synapses which leads to mydriasis ( pupil dilation ).
• It also participates in the metabolism of xenobiotics related to these substances; for example, the human DBH enzyme catalyzes the beta-hydroxylation of amphetamine and para-hydroxyamphetamine, producing norephedrine and para-hydroxynorephedrine respectively.
• The inhibition of MAO-A prevents metabolism of serotonin and catecholamines in the presynaptic terminal, and thus increases the amount of neurotransmitters available for release into the synaptic cleft . 4-Hydroxyamphetamine is a major metabolite of amphetamine and a minor metabolite of methamphetamine.
• In humans, amphetamine is metabolized to 4-hydroxyamphetamine by CYP2D6, which is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and is found in the liver . 4-Hydroxyamphetamine is then metabolized by dopamine beta-hydroxylase into 4-hydroxynorephedrine or eliminated in the urine.
• In humans, amphetamine is metabolized to 4-hydroxyamphetamine by CYP2D6, which is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and is found in the liver . 4-Hydroxyamphetamine is then metabolized by dopamine beta-hydroxylase into 4-hydroxynorephedrine or eliminated in the urine.