hypogeous การใช้

• The opposite terms are hypogean, hypogeic and hypogeous.
• These are often hallmark forest constituents such as epigeous mushrooms and hypogeous truffles.
• However, hypogeous Russulaceae are also known from cold temperate regions and tropical rainforest.
• Many ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to rely upon mammals for the dispersal of spores, particularly those fungi with hypogeous fruiting bodies.
• Animals are often drawn to hypogeous fruiting bodies because they are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, minerals and vitamins.
• These mammals are often drawn to hypogeous fruiting bodies because they are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, minerals and vitamins.
• Fruitbodies are termed " epigeous " if they grow on the ground, like those of ordinary mushrooms, while others which grow underground are " hypogeous ".
• The "'Paraglomerales "'are a group of exclusively hypogeous ( underground ) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that rarely produce vesicles and reproduce through unpigmented spores.
• It is initially dull white, but becomes yellow to pink to orange to red in maturity, making it one of the most brightly colored hypogeous species known.
• This group also includes a number of russuloid hypogeous fungi, polypores such as " Bondarzewia ", some C . taxophila " is in the Agaricales.
• In the last 30 years of his life, Harkness authored or coauthored a number of papers on California fungi, ranging from simple species lists to a detailed monograph of California hypogeous fungi.
• It was first described by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H . Smith in 1960 to contain hypogeous ( underground ) fungi with gasteroid fruit bodies that " bleed " latex when they are cut.
• However, there are many problems with this method, including ephemeral nature of the sporocarps, difficulty in detecting certain forms ( such as hypogeous structures ), and infrequency of formation in many species.
• Epigeous sporocarps that are visible to the naked eye, especially fruitbodies of a more or less agaricoid morphology, are often referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous fungi are usually called truffles or false truffles.
• The fact that hypogeous species in the Russulaceae do not form their own lineages but are scattered in " Russula " or " Lactarius " shows that this type of fruiting evolved several times.
• Fourteen informal groups were recognized, based on longevity of the plant, power of vegetative propagation, duration of tillers, hypogeous or epigeous type of shoots, mode of wintering, and degree and mode of branching of rhizomes.
• When he arrived at Corvallis, one of the most important collections of hypogeous fungi in North America was in care of the retiring Professor Helen Margaret Gilkey who bequeathed it to Trappe, a windfall which aided his future research immensely.
• Hypogeous fruitbodies, or fruitbodies developing below ground, occur in " Lactarius " and " Russula " and have previously been considered as distinct genera ( see " Systematics and taxonomy : Internal systematics " ).
• The genus was first described by Italian doctor and naturalist Carlo Vittadini in 1831 . for hypogeous ( below-ground ) gasteromycetes with chambers exposed to the surface and lined with a spore-bearing hymenium, a basal periclinal hyphae at maturity.
• As with other sporocarps, epigeous ( above-ground ) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye ( especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology ) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous ( underground ) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.