infundibula การใช้

• In the occlusal surface, these three infundibula merge into a single islet.
• Its crown consists of a W-shaped ridge with the parts separated by deep infundibula.
• Another tooth, perhaps a third lower molariform, has two furrows on one side and three infundibula on the other.
• However, the species ( " N . infundibula " ) appears to be relatively rare based on the relatively few collections reported.
• Specimens later studied in the United States National Herbarium ( Smithsonian Institution ) and on loan from the University of Colorado and Boulder were also recognized to belong to " N . infundibula ".
• On the lingual side, two long furrows are visible, and on the buccal side breakage exposes three long infundibula, of which the most mesial one is the longest and the most distal one the shortest.
• Similar species are " Niebla undulata ", distinguished by a smaller thallus with a short tubular base, and " Niebla infundibula " that differs by lack of aggregate apothecia and larger prominent pycnidia not elevated by the surrounding cortex.
• "Niebla infundibula " was first recognized by Richard Spjut, accompanied by Richard Marin and Thomas McCloud, 19 May 1986, just south of Punta Negra on rock outcrops along a ridge that appeared to receive more precipitation from ocean fog than nearby ridges and peaks ( Plate 1D in Spjut s 1996 revision of " Niebla " and " Vermilacinia " ).
• "Niebla infundibula " is characterized by a large massive rigid thallus divided into sub [ terete ] branches spreading from a holdfast, to 10 cm high and 15 cm across above the base, and further recognized by containing divaricatic acid and by the large pycnidia . that are prominent on the upper parts of branches, appearing larger than other species in the genus; however, comparative measurements were not provided for all species . ).
• "Niebla infundibula " has been included under a very broad species concept of " Niebla homalea; " one that essentially recognizes only three species in the genus " Niebla ", defined by a two-layered cortex, isolated chondroid strands in the medulla and by lacking key lichen substances such as the triterpene zeorin and the diterpene (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane that are found in most species of " Vermilacinia ".