leptomeningeal การใช้

• Patients have CNS symptoms as well as cerebral vasculitis by angiography and leptomeningeal biopsy.
• Leptomeningeal metastasis most commonly is due to breast, lung, or melanoma primary tumors.
• The ex vacuo cysts arising in adults belong to " leptomeningeal cysts ".
• There are three types of intracranial metastasis : brain metastasis, dural metastasis, and leptomeningeal metastasis.
• Leptomeningeal metastasis ( LM ) is a rare complication of systemic cancer in which the leptomeninges are infiltrated by cancer cells.
• Leptomeningeal enhancement under MRI is common in patients with progressive forms of MS and shows a relationship to subpial cortical lesions and cortical atrophy.
• Paravascular spaces are CSF-filled channels formed between the brain blood vessels and leptomeningeal sheathes that surround cerebral surface vessels and proximal penetrating vessels.
• Results from the phase II trial in patients with breast cancer and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, a fatal form of brain metastasis, were presented at ASCO in 2016.
• These all had a punched-out appearance on follow up MRI . Though most commonly involving white matter, many patients also had lesions in deep grey matter structures, as well as leptomeningeal enhancement.
• She announced on March 6, 2013, that tests from a January hospital stay revealed she has leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, a rare condition in which cancer cells spread into the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Leptomeningeal cysts concomitant to a skull fracture may in children cause widening of the fracture ( so called growing skull fracture ) and even separation of the two layers of the skull bone and bulging of the outer bone layer ..
• It has been demonstrated that early embryonic, post-zygotic somatic mutations in the NRAS gene are implicated in the pathogenesis of NCM . Recently, experimental treatment with MEK162, a MEK inhibitor, has been tried in a patient with NCM and progressive symptomatic leptomeningeal melanocytosis.
• But progression may also be due to the appearance of a new lesion originating from the same tumor or to the appearance of new cancer in the same organ or in a different organ, or due to unequivocal progression in'non-target'lesions-such as pleural effusions, ascites, leptomeningeal disease etc.
• "Non-measurable lesions "-all other lesions, including small lesions ( longest diameter < 20 mm with conventional techniques or < 10 mm with spiral CT scan ), i . e ., bone lesions, leptomeningeal disease, ascites, pleural / pericardial effusion, inflammatory breast disease, lymphangitis cutis / pulmonis, cystic lesions, and also abdominal masses that are not confirmed and followed by imaging techniques.