lymantriidae การใช้

• Species have been placed in the Arctiidae, Lymantriidae and the Dioptidae.
• The family has jumped between Lymantriidae, Noctuidae and Erebidae.
• Lymantriidae has had numerous taxonomical changes which was solidified by Ferguson in 1978.
• Lymantriidae was reclassified into the family Noctuidae in 2006.
• In 2012, Lymantriidae was moved from Noctuidae to Erebidae, further complicating the taxonomy.
• Lymantriidae was separated from Lariidae and was classified as its own family by ( Hampson 1893 ).
• The puzzling genus has been shuffled between the Notodontidae and Lymantriidae families without certainty of its correct classification.
• This description clarifies the standing of the former name " Lymantriidae " relative to other proposed names, e . g.
• The quadrifid noctuid subfamilies are paraphyletic ( or perhaps polyphyletic ) and should be grouped in a clade with the Arctiidae and Lymantriidae.
• It authoritatively explains the status of the family name Lymantriidae and its various alternatives as matters stood towards the end of the 20th century:
• The species has undergone the same reclassification of the family as " Lymantria dispar ", moving from Lymantriidae to Noctuidae to Erebidae.
• The Noctuidae family of moths are mostly classified in the family Erebidae now, along with all of the former members of the families Arctiidae and Lymantriidae.
• In some Lepidoptera families such as the Psychidae and Lymantriidae, the wings are reduced or even absent ( often in the female but not the male ).
• The family has jumped between Lymantriidae, Noctuidae and Erebidae . " Lymantria dispar dispar " has been designated a sub-species of " Lymantria dispar ".
• Lafontaine and Fibiger in 2006 then redefined the Noctuidae to include the entire quadrifid group, believing the Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, and Nolidae to be derived from within this expanded concept of Noctuidae ( and closely related to the subfamily Catocalinae ).
• The Noctuoidea can be divided into two broad groups, those with a trifid forewing venation ( Oenosandridae, Notodontidae and Doidae ), and those with a quadrifid forewing venation ( e . g ., Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Nolidae, Noctuidae ).
• When they hatch larvae feed on their hosts, mainly Noctuidae and Notodontidae, but also some Geometridae, Lymantriidae, Saturniidae and Lasiocampidae ( " Calliteara pudibunda ", " Odontopera bidentata ", " Macrothylacia rubi " and " Saturnia pavonia " ).
• As pointed out, " Liparidae " once was an alternative family name for the Lymantriidae, but nowadays " Liparidae " is firmly established as the name of a family of fish, and according to the conventions of Zoological taxonomy, family names have to be unique, even though they are permitted to coincide with botanical names.
• Briefly, the disputes center on the fact that in old treatments ( which were just as unable to reach a general consensus ) the distinctness of some groups, such as the Arctiidae or Lymantriidae, was overrated due to their characteristic appearance, while some less-studied lineages conventionally held to be Noctuidae are in fact quite distinct.