macropterous การใช้
- The adult animals are always fully winged ( macropterous ).
- It is 5 mm long and occurs in both the macropterous and brachypterous condition.
- Infact they are fully winged ( macropterous ), with an elongated parallel-sided body.
- Macropterous adults dispersing to a new plant actively avoid plants that are showing symptoms of MMV infection.
- The macropterous individuals have an overall lower fecundity, or fertility, than the long-winged individuals.
- Gerrids produce winged forms for dispersal purposes and macropterous individuals are maintained due to their ability to survive in changing conditions.
- Overwintering gerrids usually are macropterous, or with wings, so they can fly back to their aquatic habitat after winter.
- The macropterous females were shorter in length than the long-winged morphs and therefore do not carry as many eggs.
- The final instar may be the most important in determining whether the insect develops as a brachypterous form or a macropterous form.
- Wing polymorphism is common in the Gerridae despite most univoltine populations being completely apterous ( wingless ) or macropterous ( with wings ).
- Most wing-dimorphic tettigoniids have a brachypterous ( short-winged ) form and a macropterous ( long-winged ) form.
- The second, macropterous, have fully developed wings and emerge when dispersal is required due to high population density or low quality host plants.
- They are both fully winged ( macropterous ) and partially winged ( brachypterous ) . Brachypterous individuals are more common, macropterous forms are mostly males.
- They are both fully winged ( macropterous ) and partially winged ( brachypterous ) . Brachypterous individuals are more common, macropterous forms are mostly males.
- Apterous populations of gerrids would be restricted to stable aquatic habitats that experience little change in environment, while macropterous populations can inhabit more changing, variable water supplies.
- The populations found farther north, at the range borders, have a higher percentage of extra long-winged ( macropterous ) individuals in comparison to populations in range core.
- The dispersal and flight capability of macropterous individuals provides them with an increased chance of finding a new habitat and colonising a new territory, at the cost of reproductive ability.
- In some species of insects, brachyptery occurs in some members ( say in only one sex, or only some castes ), whereas fully functional wings occur in macropterous individuals.
- It is clear that macropterous individuals have a selective advantage due to their capability for sustained flight, allowing them to form new colonies and benefit from habitats that have opened up farther north.
- It has been suggested that production of macropterous forms may be due to juvenile hormone ( JH ) degradation in the final instar, which leads to a shorter period of JH presence within the nymph.
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