mamillary การใช้

• In Wernicke's this occurs specifically in the mamillary bodies, medial thalami, tectal plate, and periaqueductal areas.
• Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome in alcoholics particularly is associated with atrophy / infarction of specific regions of the brain, especially the mamillary bodies.
• Frequently, secondary to thiamine deficiency and subsequent cytotoxic edema in Wernicke's encephalopathy, patients will have marked degeneration of the mamillary bodies.
• Each sphere ( grape ) in a botryoidal mineral is smaller than that of a reniform mineral, and much smaller than that of a mamillary mineral.
• The medial lemniscus carries axons from most of the body and synapses in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, at the level of the mamillary bodies.
• The mechanism of this degeneration is unknown, but it supports current neurological theory that the mamillary bodies play a role in various " memory circuits " within the brain.
• They bend downward, forming an anterior boundary of the interventricular foramina, become buried behind the wall of the third ventricle and "'end in the mamillary bodies "'".
• Also in 1879 the town was known to be rich in minerals such as carbonate of lime, chromate of iron, steatite, crystallized actonite, mamillary chalcedony, kyanite, rose quartz, mica, sulphuret of iron and others.
• It has been argued that the memory impairments can occur as a result of damage along any part of the mamillo-thalamic tract, which explains how WKS can develop in patients with damage exclusively to either the thalamus or the mamillary bodies.
• Brain atrophy associated with WKS occurs in the following regions of the brain : the mamillary bodies, the thalamus, the periaqueductal grey, the walls of the 3rd ventricle, the floor of the 4th ventricle, the cerebellum, and the frontal lobe.
• The amnesia that is associated with this syndrome is a result of the atrophy in the structures of the diencephalon ( the thalamus, hypothalamus and mamillary bodies ), and is similar to amnesia that is presented as a result of other cases of damage to the medial temporal lobe.
• The medial septal area projects to a large number of brain regions that show theta modulation, including all parts of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, medial mamillary and supramamillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, anterior nuclei of the thalamus, amygdala, inferior colliculus, and several brainstem nuclei ( Buzs醟i, 2002 ).