markedness การใช้

• Markers should be distinguished from the linguistic concept of markedness.
• This has the result of reducing the markedness of the sounds and.
• On the other hand, those constructs can have slight semantic difference or markedness.
• More recently, Optimality theory approaches emerging in the 1990s have incorporated markedness in the ranking of constraints.
• In addition, as a Canadian Research Chair, she researches markedness, contrast and complexity in phonology.
• In generative syntax, markedness as feature-evaluation did not receive the same attention that it did in phonology.
• In the study, two and three-year-old toddlers were tested on their recognition of markedness within gestures.
• Some metrics come from regression coefficients : the markedness and the informedness, and their geometric mean, the Matthews correlation coefficient.
• The component regression coefficients of the Matthews correlation coefficient are Markedness ( ?p ) and Youden's J statistic ( Informedness or ?p').
• In their 1977 article'Filters and Control', Chomsky and Howard Lasnik extended this to view markedness as part of a theory of'core grammar ':
• :The distinction between core and periphery leaves us with three notions of markedness : core versus periphery, internal to the core, and internal to the periphery.
• In his 1941 " Child Language, Aphasia, and Universals of Language ", Jakobson suggested that phonological markedness played a role in language acquisition and loss.
• So the pattern is different in childhood speech in other languages, depending on the markedness of the forms ? talk ) 15 : 27, 13 October 2011 ( UTC)
• Treating these items as feminine is a type of markedness, that implies animacy, but not of the same sort of animacy as the men who have traditionally run them.
• As may be seen by the markedness of her change after her five-week stay at Thrushcross Grange, she is anything but a lady during her time on the moors with Heathcliff.
• On this topic she is working on a book to evaluate the diagnostics that have been proposed to determine markedness ( giving special attention to frequency, implication and neutralization ) and to examine phonological patterning.
• Markedness and Informedness correspond to different directions of information flow and generalize Youden's J statistic, the deltap statistics and ( as their geometric mean ) the Matthews Correlation Coefficient to more than two classes.
• The results showed that three-year-old children were able to recognize the markedness, by responding to the gesture and cleaning the objects up as opposed to when the gesture was presented without being marked.
• Blommaert and Meeuwis, drawing on a study of Zairians in Belgium, have further proposed that the markedness model is limited in its failure to account for variability within languages ( codes ), describing only shifts from one language to another.
• In linguistics, markedness can apply to, among others, semantic oppositions, defining them in terms of marked and unmarked oppositions, such as " honest " ( unmarked ) vs . " dishonest " ( marked ).