medulloblastomas การใช้

• Mutations in this gene have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastomas, ovarian endometriod adenocarcinomas, and medulloblastomas.
• In children under 2, about 70 % of brain tumors are medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and low-grade gliomas.
• In medulloblastomas, in vivo studies have begun targeting notch pathways by blocking Notch receptors with specific inhibitors preventing further differentiation.
• Specifically, KDM4C amplification has been documented in oesophageal squamous carcinomas, medulloblastomas and breast cancers; amplification of KDM4B has also been found in medulloblastomas.
• Specifically, KDM4C amplification has been documented in oesophageal squamous carcinomas, medulloblastomas and breast cancers; amplification of KDM4B has also been found in medulloblastomas.
• Historically medulloblastomas have been classified as a PNET ( primitive neuroectodermal tumour ), however it is now known that medulloblastoma is distinct from supratentorial PNET's and are no longer considered similar entities.
• Medulloblastomas are non-invasive rapidly growing tumors that, unlike most brain tumors, spread through the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) and frequently metastasize to different locations along the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
• Therefore his model became very interesting to Germany which invested millions to support a so-called " Sonderforschungsbereich " in Bonn to further elucidate the other proteins, which appear to be more important ( in medulloblastomas and, perhaps, other tumors ) than p53 gene products.
• Eibl was not only the first to detect p53 mutations in low-grade astrocytomas and at a high frequency ( von Deimling, Eibl et al . ), but also the first to detect p53 mutations in human medulloblastomas and at a surprisingly low frequency of about 10 % ( Ohgaki, Eibl et al . ).
• These studies defined the genomic landscapes of human cancers and identified alterations in a variety of genes and pathways not previously known to be involved in tumorigenesis, including the IDH1 and IDH2 genes in gliomas [ 16 ], and chromatin modifying genes MLL2 / 3 and ARID1 in medulloblastomas, neuroblastomas and other tumor types [ 18-20 ].