monocyclic การใช้

• Fused aromatic rings consist of monocyclic rings that share their connecting bonds.
• Important terpenoids derived from monocyclic terpenes are menthol, thymol, carvacrol and many others.
• Another group of minor active peptides are the virotoxins, which consist of six similar monocyclic heptapeptides.
• They can be monocyclic as in benzene, bicyclic as in naphthalene, or polycyclic as in anthracene.
• Simple monocyclic aromatic rings are usually five-membered rings like pyrrole or six-membered rings like pyridine.
• Tabtoxin is a monocyclic ?-lactam produced by P . syringae pv . tabaci, coronafaciens, and garcae.
• "Phytophthora sojae " is considered to be a monocyclic pathogen and has one effective infection in its cycle.
• Planar monocyclic molecules containing 4 " n " ?-electrons are called antiaromatic and are, in general, unstable.
• The axial C-C bond is easily broken ( even spontaneously ) to yield less-strained bicyclic or even monocyclic hydrocarbons.
• The simplest alicyclic compounds are the monocyclic cycloalkanes : cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and so on.
• Monocyclic epidemics are caused by pathogens with a low birth rate and death rate, meaning they only have one infection cycle per season.
• The stomata are haplocheilic, monocyclic or dicyclic, usually depressed, with the guard cells occurring in the lowermost part of the stoma.
• In "'transannulation "'a bicyclic molecule is created by intramolecular carbon-carbon bond formation in a large monocyclic ring.
• Epidemics that occur under these conditions are referred to as " polyetic " epidemics and can be caused by both monocyclic and polycyclic pathogens.
• Apple powdery mildew is an example of a polyetic epidemic caused by a polycyclic pathogen and Dutch Elm disease a polyetic epidemic caused by a monocyclic pathogen.
• Jensen argues that, in line with Robinson's original proposal, the use of the circle symbol should be limited to monocyclic 6 ?-electron systems.
• "' Cembrene A "', or sometimes neocembrene, is a natural monocyclic diterpene isolated from corals of the genus " Nephthea ".
• A 1965 study reported the carotenoid composition of this fungus, found to contain a high proportion of monocyclic carotenes carotenes with only one cyclohexene ring, such as beta-carotene.
• "' Zingiberene "'is a monocyclic sesquiterpene that is the predominant constituent of the oil of ginger ( " Zingiber officinale " ), from which it gets its name.
• "' Carveol "'is a natural unsaturated, monocyclic monoterpenoid alcohol that is a constituent of spearmint essential oil in the form of " cis "-(  " )-carveol.