nonphotosynthetic การใช้

• Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast.
• All dinoflagellates contain red algal plastids or remnant ( nonphotosynthetic ) organelles of red algal origin.
• In contrast, some nonphotosynthetic FNRs do not preferentially bind NADP and lack this tyrosine residue.
• Apicomplexans store their energy in amylopectin starch granules that are located in their cytoplasm, even though they are nonphotosynthetic.
• The fact that apicomplexans still keep their nonphotosynthetic chloroplast around demonstrates how the chloroplast carries out important functions other than photosynthesis.
• "Chlorobium aggregatum " is a species which exists in a symbiotic relationship with a colorless, nonphotosynthetic bacteria.
• The sporophyte generation is nonphotosynthetic in liverworts but may be able to contribute part of its energy needs by photosynthesis in mosses and hornworts.
• Toc132, Toc120, and Toc90 seem to have specialized functions in importing stuff like nonphotosynthetic preproteins, and can't replace Toc159.
• The ancestor of the chloroplast may have been a cyanobacterium, capable of photosynthesis, that achieved a symbiotic relationship with and inside a nonphotosynthetic cell.
• In the plant-like family of FNRs, selective evolutionary pressure has led to differences in the catalytic efficiency of FNRs in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organisms.
• The genome of its mitochondrion was reported in 1995, that of the nonphotosynthetic plastid known as the apicoplast in 1996, and the sequence of the first nuclear chromosome ( chromosome 2 ) in 1998.
• Ferredoxin : NADP reductase is the last enzyme in the transfer of electrons during photosynthesis from photosystem I to NADPH . In nonphotosynthetic organisms, the FNR primarily works in reverse to provide reduced ferredoxin for various metabolic pathways.
• Helicosporidium is a genus of nonphotosynthetic parasitic green algae that is thought to contain a vestigial chloroplast . and nuclear genes indicating the presence of a chloroplast have been found in Helicosporidium even if nobody's seen the chloroplast itself.
• Most apicomplexans have an apicoplast, ( a nonphotosynthetic plastid ) and mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, although " Cryptosporidium " species and gregarines are possible exceptions, as they are thought to have lost their plastids after the diverging last common ancestor of apicomplexans.
• While primary chloroplasts have a double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two, as a result of the secondary endosymbiotic event, when a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast-containing alga but failed to digest it much like the cyanobacterium at the beginning of this story .  the two cyanobacterial membranes, sometimes the eaten alga's cell membrane, and the phagosomal vacuole from the host's cell membrane.