numeraire การใช้

• Hence, one may think of the Paasche index as one where the numeraire is the bundle of goods using current year prices and current year quantities.
• Similarly, the Laspeyres index can be thought of as a price index taking the bundle of goods using current prices and base period quantities as the numeraire.
• The US dollar is here used as numeraire for convenience, and since it cancels out, in principle any other currency can be used instead without affecting the results.
• From its inception in 1996, e-gold pioneered the decoupling of the numeraire for specifying a payment ( Spend ) instruction from the native unit of account of the settlement currency.
• Consensus has been reached on the testing of internal and external HBS effects ( vis a vis a numeraire country ) with a strong reservation against the purchasing power parity assumption in the tradable sector.
• In other words : a preference relation is quasilinear if there is one commodity, called the numeraire, which shifts the indifference curves outward as consumption of it increases, without changing their slope.
• In his 1989 paper " Can Monetary Disequilibrium Be Eliminated ", he advocates that government " be banished from any role in the monetary system other than that of defining a unit of account or numeraire ."
• The study of the numeraire portfolio links SPT to the so-called Benchmark approach to Mathematical Finance, which takes such a numeraire portfolio as given and provides a way to price contingent claims, without any further assumptions.
• The study of the numeraire portfolio links SPT to the so-called Benchmark approach to Mathematical Finance, which takes such a numeraire portfolio as given and provides a way to price contingent claims, without any further assumptions.
• A canonical Arrow Debreu security is a security that pays one unit of numeraire if a particular state of the world is reached and zero otherwise ( the price of such a security being a so-called " state price " ).
• (This equation can be interpreted as the producer surplus formula for the firm whose production technology for converting numeraire z into probability y of winning the object is defined by the auction and which resells the object at a fixed price t ).
• As a simple example to demonstrate the non-coherence of value-at-risk consider looking at the VaR of a portfolio at 95 % confidence over the next year of two default-able zero coupon bonds that mature in 1 years time denominated in our numeraire currency.
• By selecting as numeraire the time-" S " bond ( which corresponds to switching to the S-forward measure ), we have from the fundamental theorem of arbitrage-free pricing, the value at time 0 of a derivative which has payoff at time " S ".
• A direct extension, then, is the concept of a state price security ( also called an Arrow-Debreu security ), a contract that agrees to pay one unit of a numeraire ( a currency or a commodity ) if a particular state occurs ( " up " and " down " in the simplified example above ) at a particular time in the future and pays zero numeraire in all the other states.
• A direct extension, then, is the concept of a state price security ( also called an Arrow-Debreu security ), a contract that agrees to pay one unit of a numeraire ( a currency or a commodity ) if a particular state occurs ( " up " and " down " in the simplified example above ) at a particular time in the future and pays zero numeraire in all the other states.