passivating การใช้

• Hydrogen is prevented from forming a passivating layer on the surface by the oxidant additive.
• This is often used as a surface and bulk passivating layer for commercial multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells
• It also forms as a passivating film upon contact between iron ( and steel ) and hydrogen fluoride.
• This prevents formation of a continuous protective ( passivating ) oxide layer, which would stop the bulk oxidation of metal.
• The " method " is either a nitric acid-based passivating bath, or a citric acid-based bath.
• Strong acids, such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, can remove the passivating layer and subsequent reaction with water releases hydrogen gas.
• It is not uncommon for some aerospace manufacturers to have additional guidelines and regulations when passivating their products that exceed the national standard.
• The process steps involve combining metal powders with polymers such as wax and polypropylene passivating, annealing, carburizing, nitriding, and precipitation hardening.
• The main challenge in using organic ligands for quantum dot surface trap passivation is the difficulty in simultaneously passivating both anionic and cationic surface traps.
• Unlike the metals that form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion.
• Halide ions increase corrosion in two ways; they chemically attack passivating oxide films on several metals causing pitting corrosion, and they increase the conductivity of the fuel.
• In the area of photovoltaics, a passivating surface layer such as silicon nitride, silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide can reduce surface recombination-a significant loss mechanism in solar cells.
• Magnesium based compositions degrade over long periods of time, as magnesium does not form a passivating oxide coating, meaning the metallic Mg will slowly react with atmospheric oxygen and moisture.
• GaAs does not have a native oxide, not easily support a stable adherent insulating layer, and not possess the dielectric strength or surface passivating qualities of the Si-SiO 2.
• According to the colleagues from the traitorous eight his idea was self-evident : of course, the passivating oxide layer forms a natural barrier between the chip and the metallization layer.
• This method can produce conducting lines from inorganic materials ( e . g . for circuit boards and antennas ), but also insulating and passivating layers, whereby layer thickness is more important than high resolution.
• For instance, carbonate has a great effect upon the diagram for uranium . ( See diagrams at right . ) The presence of trace amounts of certain species such as chloride ions can also greatly affect the stability of certain species by destroying passivating layers.
• The clean-up process for EBR-II includes the removal and processing of the sodium coolant, cleaning of the EBR-II sodium systems, removal and passivating of other chemical hazards and placing the deactivated components and structure in a safe condition.
• A group at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory reported black silicon solar cells with 18.2 % efficiency . by applying a thin passivating film on the nanostructures by Atomic Layer Deposition, and by integrating all metal contacts on the back side of the cell.
• :Thanks for pointing out my error on implying that nitrogen would render a bulb filled with it unworkable-but it does produce some tungsten nitride ( see also this patent ), it is probably somewhat self-passivating ( forming a protective nitride layer on the surface ) . talk ) 03 : 08, 19 April 2008 ( UTC)