pf4 การใช้

• IBM terminals have a key marked PF4; personal computers do not.
• The IgG antibodies form a complex with heparin and PF4 in the bloodstream.
• At one point, the manual instructs you to " Press PF4 ."
• As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair.
• The first screening test in someone suspected of having HIT is aimed at detecting antibodies against heparin-PF4 complexes.
• PF4 autoantibodies have also been found in patients with thrombosis and features resembling HIT but no prior administration of heparin.
• Formation of PF4-heparin antibodies is common in people receiving heparin, but only a proportion of these develop thrombocytopenia or thrombosis.
• PF4 is chemotactic for neutrophils, fibroblasts and monocytes, and interacts with a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, known as CXCR3B.
• The heparin : PF4 complex is the antigen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, an idiosyncratic autoimmune reaction to the administration of the anticoagulant heparin.
• The ELISA test, however, detects all circulating antibodies that bind heparin-PF4 complexes, and may also falsely identify antibodies that do not cause HIT . Therefore, those with a positive ELISA are tested further with a functional assay.
• The use of heparin and LMWHs can sometimes be complicated by a decrease in platelet count, a complication known as Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia . 13 Two forms have been described : a clinically benign, non-immune and reversible form ( Type I ) and a rare, more serious immune-mediated form or Type II . HIT Type II is caused by the formation of auto antibodies that recognize complexes between heparin and platelet factor 4 ( PF4 ) and is therefore associated with a substantial risk of thrombotic complications.