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piritramide การใช้

ประโยคมือถือ
  • Other somewhat more distant relatives include alphaprodine and piritramide.
  • Piritramide was developed and patented in Belgium, at Janssen, in 1960.
  • In some countries potent synthetics such as piritramide and ketobemidone are used for severe pain, and tapentadol is a newer agent introduced in the last decade.
  • The analgesic and sedative effects of piritramide are believed to be potentiated with phenothiazines and its emetic ( nausea / vomiting-inducing ) effects are suppressed.
  • The closest chemical and structural relatives of piritramide in clinical use include the diphenoxylate family, fentanyl ( both Janssen discoveries ) and somewhat more distantly alphaprodine.
  • Dextromethorphan has been noted to slow the development of tolerance to opioids and exert additional analgesia by acting upon the NMDA receptors; some analgesics such as methadone and ketobemidone and perhaps piritramide have intrinsic NMDA action.
  • Research into the usefulness of piritramide, extended-release hydromorphone ( including polymer implants lasting up to 90 days ), dihydroetorphine and other drugs for ORT is at various stages in a number of countries.
  • The development of the moramides and the coming to fruition of work on piritramide were two of the events that precipitated the 1961 update to the Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs, as cited by Dr Shulgin in " Controlled Substances " and various monographs.
  • Piritramide ( 1-( 3-cyano-3, 3-diphenylpropyl )-4-( 1-piperidino )-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide ) is a narcotic analgaesic marketed as Diplodor and is used most frequently in the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany.
  • The rotation of morphine with chemically dissimilar opioids in the long-term treatment of pain will slow down the growth of tolerance in the longer run, particularly agents known to have significantly incomplete cross-tolerance with morphine such as levorphanol, ketobemidone, piritramide, and methadone and its derivatives; all of these drugs also have NMDA antagonist properties.
  • Atropine is purposely added at 25 micrograms per tablet, or 1 / 24 to 1 / 40 of the usual therapeutic dose for atropine to minimize the potential of misuse by swallowing large numbers of tablets or preparing them for injection since difenoxin is chemically related to the pethidine-piritramide subgroup of the opioid family, and could theoretically be misused.
  • Nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and constipation are believed to be less frequent with piritramide than with morphine ( which is the gold standard opioid against which other opioids are compared and contrasted ) and it produces more rapid-onset analgesia ( pain relief ) when compared to morphine and pethidine, after intravenous administration the onset of analgesia is as little as 1 2 minutes, which may be related to its great lipophilicity.
  • As an alternative, the tablets can be crushed and snorted, injected or swallowed, although this provides much less euphoria but retains some of the extended-release effect, and the extended-release property is why MS-Contin is used in some countries alongside methadone, dihydrocodeine, buprenorphine, dihydroetorphine, piritramide, levo-alpha-acetylmethadol ( LAAM ), and special 24-hour formulations of hydromorphone for maintenance and detoxification of those physically dependent on opioids.
  • Other skeletal muscle relaxants of that type used around the world come from a number of drug categories and other drugs used primarily for this indication include orphenadrine ( anticholinergic ), chlorzoxazone, tizanidine ( clonidine relative ), diazepam, tetrazepam and other benzodiazepines, mephenoxalone, methocarbamol, dantrolene, baclofen, Drugs once but no longer or very rarely used to relax skeletal muscles include meprobamate, barbiturates, methaqualone, glutethimide and the like; some subcategories of opioids have muscle relaxant properties, and some are marketed in combination drugs with skeletal and / or smooth muscle relaxants such as whole opium products, some ketobemidone, piritramide and fentanyl preparations and Equagesic.