platysma การใช้

• Another area of importance of the platysma lies in plastic surgery.
• The platysma is innervated by the facial nerve.
• Beneath the platysma, the external jugular vein descends from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle.
• The thin, quadrangular shaped, and paired platysma muscles lie in the superficial fascia of the neck.
• The large platysma, sternocleidomastoid muscles contribute to the shape at the front, and the trapezius and lattissimus dorsi at the back.
• It is bound by the clavicle inferior anteriorly, the trachea medially, posteriorly by the trapezius, and anteriorly by the platysma muscle.
• It is covered, in front, by the skin, the superficial fascia, the Platysma, the supraclavicular nerves, and the deep cervical fascia.
• It is contributed to by the following muscles : orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, risorius, platysma, levator labii superioris.
• It is covered by the integument, superficial fascia, Platysma, and deep fascia, ramifying in which are branches of the facial nerve and ascending filaments of the cutaneous cervical nerve.
• Advantages of the PMF is that the platysma flap has an appropriate thickness, minimal donor-site morbidity, acceptable scar and colour match and it is easy and faster to harvest.
• In its course over the face, it is covered by the integument, the fat of the cheek, and, near the angle of the mouth, by the platysma, risorius, and zygomaticus major.
• In the neck, its origin is superficial, being covered by the integument, platysma, and fascia; it then passes beneath the digastric and stylohyoid muscles and part of the submandibular gland, but superficial to the hypoglossal nerve.
• It crosses in front of the phrenic nerve and the scalene muscles, and in front of or between the divisions of the brachial plexus, and is covered by the platysma and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and crossed by the omohyoid and trapezius.
• It is separated from the sternocleidomastoideus by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia, and is covered by the platysma, the superficial fascia, and the integument; it crosses the cutaneous cervical nerve, and its upper half runs parallel with the great auricular nerve.
• Running backward and upward from each mental tubercle is a faint ridge, the oblique line, which is continuous with the anterior border of the ramus; it affords attachment to the depressor labii Inferioris ( Quadratus labii inferioris ) and depressor anguli oris ( Triangularis ); the platysma is attached below it.
• A facelift is performed to ptosis of the platysma muscle ), increased redundancy of the nasolabial fold ( caused by a descent of cheek fat ) and the increased distance from the ciliary margin to the inferior-most point of the orbicularis oculi muscle ( caused by decreasing tone of the orbicularis oculi muscle ).
• It is relatively superficial at its start, where it is contained in the carotid triangle of the neck, and lies behind and medial to the external carotid, overlapped by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and covered by the deep fascia, the platysma, and integument : it then passes beneath the parotid gland, being crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, the digastric muscle and the stylohyoid muscle, the occipital artery and the posterior auricular artery.
• In face areas : total ambulatory SMAS Lift, temporal and supra-temporal suture SMAS lift, scarless brow suture lift, lateral cantus lifting, mid face suture lift, cheekbone lift and augmentation, lower smas-platysma face and neck lift using skin perforations only or by using hidden retro-lobular incisions, chin enhancement, form and position correction by suture, Serdev sutures for : nasal tip refinement; nasal tip rotation; nasal alar base narrowing, scarless Serdev suture method in prominent ears, chin dimples and smiling dimples by suture, permanent block of glabela muscles etc.