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polarons การใช้

ประโยคมือถือ
  • In physics, a bipolaron is a bound pair of two polarons.
  • Bipolarons and polarons are encountered in doped conducting polymers such as polythiophene.
  • Experimentally, polarons are important to the understanding of a wide variety of materials.
  • Polarons are also important for interpreting the optical conductivity of these types of materials.
  • Examples include quantum tunneling, negative resistance, phonon-assisted hopping and polarons.
  • Polarons are highly mobile and can diffuse away.
  • Other such ephemera include magnons and polarons.
  • In organic semiconductors charge carriers couple to vibrational modes and are referred to as polarons.
  • The basic conduction mechanism in conducting polymers is due to Polarons, Bipolarons and solitons.
  • Self-trapping of excitons is similar to forming strong-coupling polarons but with three essential differences.
  • The primary defects of concern are oxygen vacancies and small polarons ( electrons localized on cerium cations ).
  • Various carriers ( electrons, magnons, phonons, and polarons ) and their interactions substantially affect the Seebeck coefficient.
  • TI-polarons can create bound TI-bipolaron states, which play an important role in the theory of superconductivity.
  • That is, it involves such things as mobility gaps, phonon-assisted hopping, polarons, quantum tunneling, and so forth.
  • Undoped and doped ceria also exhibit high electronic conductivity at low partial pressures of oxygen due to reduction of the cerium ion leading to the formation of small polarons.
  • It has been shown that simple scaling relations exist, connecting the physical properties of polarons in 2D with those in 3D . An example of such a scaling relation is:
  • Above its Curie temperature ( about 350K ) Jahn-Teller polarons are formed; the material's ability to conduct electricity is dependent on the presence of the polarons.
  • Above its Curie temperature ( about 350K ) Jahn-Teller polarons are formed; the material's ability to conduct electricity is dependent on the presence of the polarons.
  • Significant are also the extensions of the polaron concept : acoustic polaron, piezoelectric polaron, electronic polaron, bound polaron, trapped polaron, spin polaron, molecular polaron, solvated polarons, polaronic exciton, Jahn-Teller polaron, small polaron, bipolarons and many-polaron systems.