polarons การใช้
- In physics, a bipolaron is a bound pair of two polarons.
- Bipolarons and polarons are encountered in doped conducting polymers such as polythiophene.
- Experimentally, polarons are important to the understanding of a wide variety of materials.
- Polarons are also important for interpreting the optical conductivity of these types of materials.
- Examples include quantum tunneling, negative resistance, phonon-assisted hopping and polarons.
- Polarons are highly mobile and can diffuse away.
- Other such ephemera include magnons and polarons.
- In organic semiconductors charge carriers couple to vibrational modes and are referred to as polarons.
- The basic conduction mechanism in conducting polymers is due to Polarons, Bipolarons and solitons.
- Self-trapping of excitons is similar to forming strong-coupling polarons but with three essential differences.
- The primary defects of concern are oxygen vacancies and small polarons ( electrons localized on cerium cations ).
- Various carriers ( electrons, magnons, phonons, and polarons ) and their interactions substantially affect the Seebeck coefficient.
- TI-polarons can create bound TI-bipolaron states, which play an important role in the theory of superconductivity.
- That is, it involves such things as mobility gaps, phonon-assisted hopping, polarons, quantum tunneling, and so forth.
- Undoped and doped ceria also exhibit high electronic conductivity at low partial pressures of oxygen due to reduction of the cerium ion leading to the formation of small polarons.
- It has been shown that simple scaling relations exist, connecting the physical properties of polarons in 2D with those in 3D . An example of such a scaling relation is:
- Above its Curie temperature ( about 350K ) Jahn-Teller polarons are formed; the material's ability to conduct electricity is dependent on the presence of the polarons.
- Above its Curie temperature ( about 350K ) Jahn-Teller polarons are formed; the material's ability to conduct electricity is dependent on the presence of the polarons.
- Significant are also the extensions of the polaron concept : acoustic polaron, piezoelectric polaron, electronic polaron, bound polaron, trapped polaron, spin polaron, molecular polaron, solvated polarons, polaronic exciton, Jahn-Teller polaron, small polaron, bipolarons and many-polaron systems.