polyomaviruses การใช้

• JC virus is in a viral group called the neutropic polyomaviruses.
• All the polyomaviruses are highly common childhood and young adult infections.
• A total of thirteen polyomaviruses are known to infect humans.
• Among the human polyomaviruses, KI is most similar to WU virus.
• Cellular receptors for polyomaviruses are sialic acid residues of glycans, commonly gangliosides.
• Polyomaviruses infect a wide variety of vertebrates and cause solid tumours at multiple sites.
• Two polyomaviruses are known to infect fish, the black sea bass and gilthead seabream.
• Dozens of polyomaviruses have been identified and sequenced as of 2016, infecting mainly birds and mammals.
• Polyomaviruses are small ( ~ 5400 base pair ), non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses.
• Stewart and Eddy would go on to study related polyomaviruses such as SV40 that infect primates, including humans.
• The attachment of polyomaviruses to host cells is mediated by the binding of VP1 to sialylated glycans on the cell surface.
• Polyomaviruses replicate in the replication occurs in two distinct phases; early and late gene expression, separated by genome replication.
• Because of the relative simplicity of the genome, polyomaviruses are heavily dependent on the cell for transcription and genome replication.
• Other viruses are only carcinogenic when they integrate into the host cell genome as part of a biological accident, such as polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses.
• Polyomaviruses may cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( JC virus ) and polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, ureteral stenosis and hemorrhagic cystitis ( BK virus ).
• This is the only member of this group of viruses known to cause human cancer but other polyomaviruses are suspects for being additional cancer viruses.
• Since Polyomaviruses rely on the host to control both the gene expression, the role of the non-structural proteins is to regulate the cellular mechanisms.
• As originally described, WU virus was most similar to KI virus and somewhat divergent from the other human polyomaviruses known at the time, JC virus and BK virus.
• The agnoprotein is a small multifunctional phospho-protein found in the late coding part of the genome of some polyomaviruses, most notably BK virus, JC virus, and SV40.