pretectal การใช้

• The thalamic-pretectal region initiates avoidance behavior in the toad.
• Most of these fibers synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus or the pretectal nucleus.
• The pretectal area is seven unique nuclei.
• Pretectal lesions impaired the prey-selectivity.
• Pretectal nuclei, in particular the NOT, are involved in coordinating eye movements during smooth pursuit.
• Lesioning experiments led to the discovery of pathways extending between the tectum and the thalamic-pretectal region.
• Some important structures directly impacted by the light-sleep relationship are the superior colliculus-pretectal area and the.
• A pineal tumour can compress the superior colliculi and pretectal area of the dorsal midbrain, producing Parinaud's syndrome.
• When the thalamic-pretectal region was removed, avoidance behavior was entirely absent while orienting behavior was enhanced even to predator stimuli.
• Anterior, posterior and medial pretectal nuclei inhibit pain ( indirectly ), aid in REM, and aid the accommodation reflex, respectively.
• There are also projections from the superficial zone to the pretectal nuclei, lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and the parabigeminal nucleus.
• Certain pretectal thalamic neurons, type TH3, showed a preference for big moving objects and the anti-worm configuration of moving bar stimuli.
• Finally, when one half of the thalamic-pretectal region was removed, the disinhibition applied to the entire visual field of the opposite eye.
• These neuronal electrical signals travel through neuronal axons to specific brain targets, such as the center of pupillary control called the olivary pretectal nucleus ( OPN ) of the midbrain.
• More specifically, electrical triggering the thalamic-pretectal region initiates a variety of protective movements such as eyelid closing, ducking and turning away ( Ewert 1974, 2004 ).
• Axons from the feature sensitive / selective neurons of the optic tectum and thalamic-pretectal region then contact motor structures in the medulla oblongata, thus forming a sensorimotor interface.
• It is suggested that the selectivity of tectal prey feature detectors, type T5.2, is determined by inhibitory influences of pretectal anti-worm detectors of the type TH3.
• These brain regions include the SCN, where input from ipRGCs is necessary to photoentrain circadian rhythms, and the olivary pretectal nucleus ( OPN ), where input from ipRGCs control the pupillary light reflex.
• Specifically, he identified two main regions of the brain, the tectum and the thalamic-pretectal region, that were responsible for discriminating prey from non-prey and revealed the neural pathways that connected them.
• Most of the axons of the optic nerve terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus from where information is relayed to the visual cortex, while other axons terminate in the pretectal nucleus and are involved in reflexive eye movements.