protonema การใช้

• He directly observed the germination of spores and formation of the protonema.
• The tip continues to divide new cells, which produces a thalloid protonema.
• Instead, they regenerate directly into the filamentous protonema, mimicking a germinating moss spore.
• In either case, the protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a hornwort.
• As a result of fertilization a protonema is formed, from which the sexually reproducing algae develops.
• From the protonema grows the adult gametophyte, which is the persistent and independent stage in the life cycle.
• Aside from this character, the unique branching, thallose ( flat and expanded ) protonema, and explosively rupturing sporangium place it apart from other mosses.
• It is the adult form of the haploid gametophyte and develops from the juvenile form, the protonema, under the influence of phytohormones ( mainly cytokinins ).
• To ensure a maximum growth rate, the moss is kept at the protonema stage by continuous mechanical disruption, e . g . by using rotating blades.
• Andreaeopsida and Andreaeobryopsida are distinguished by the biseriate ( two rows of cells ) rhizoids, multiseriate ( many rows of cells ) protonema, and sporangium that splits along longitudinal lines.
• The life of a liverwort starts from the germination of a haploid spore to produce a protonema, which is either a mass of thread-like filaments or else a flattened thallus.
• The protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a liverwort, from which will grow the mature gametophore ( " gamete-bearer " ) plant that produces the sex organs.
• This is a transitory stage in the life of a moss, but from the protonema grows the gametophore ( " gamete-bearer " ) that is structurally differentiated into stems and leaves.
• Once the density of the culture has reached a certain threshold, the lack of nutrients and the increasing concentration of phytohormones in the medium triggers the differentiation of the protonema to the adult gametophyte.
• The moss life-cycle starts with a haploid spore that germinates to produce a protonema ( " pl . " protonemata ), which is either a mass of thread-like filaments or thalloid ( flat and thallus-like ).
• Despite some poor preparation and controversy over several choices-- Chrisye got the best male pop artist by beating the younger Harvey Malaiholo and Andre Hehanusa, and Protonema's Adinda won over Edane's Borneo for best rock song-- AMI did spark hope that Indonesian pop music is may be appreciated on its own merits.