punty การใช้

• Known as a "'bullseye "', the thicker center area around the punty mark was used for less expensive windows.
• Then, the molten glass is attached to a stainless steel or iron rod called a punty for shaping and transferring the hollow piece from the blowpipe to provide an opening and / or to finalize the top.
• Streamers are prepared from very hot molten glass, gathered at the end of a punty ( pontil ) that is rapidly swung back and forth and stretched into long, thin strings that rapidly cool and harden.
• In this process, glass was blowpipe to a punty and then flattened by reheating and spinning out the bowl-shaped piece of glass ( bullion ) into a flat disk by centrifugal force, up to 5 or 6 feet ( 1.5 to 1.8 metres ) in diameter.
• Allowing the pull of gravity to stretch and bend hot glass while on the blowpipe or punty led Littleton to his " Folded Forms " and " Loops " series, which continued until 1979 . His " Eye " forms, also from the 1970s, take the form of concentric cups of various colors in diminishing sizes that nestle one inside the next.
• The "'bench "'is a glassblower's workstation, and has a place for the glassblower to sit, a place for the handheld tools, and two rails that the pipe or punty rides on while the blower works with the piece . "'Blocks "'are ladle-like tools made from water-soaked fruitwood, and are used similarly to the marver to shape and cool a piece in the early steps of creation . "'Jacks "'are tools shaped somewhat like large tweezers with two blades, which are used for forming shape later in the creation of a piece . "'Paddles "'are flat pieces of wood or graphite used for creating flat spots such as a bottom . "'Tweezers "'are used to pick out details or to pull on the glass.