pygostyle การใช้

• The pygosylians fall into two distinct groups with regard to the pygostyle.
• Ornithurans all have a bony pygostyle, to which tail feathers are anchored.
• The tail is proportionately short, has thirteen vertebrae, and no pygostyle.
• They also had a more derived pygostyle, with a ploughshare-shaped end.
• The last several caudal vertebrae are partially fused into a pygostyle-like structure.
• Tinamous have no true pygostyle, their caudal vertebrae remain unfused, as in ratites.
• One key adaptation is the fusing of bones into single ossifications, such as the pygostyle.
• The pygostyle controls all the movement in the tail and controls the feathers in the tail.
• The tail ended in pygostyle-like vertebrae, which indicate the presence of a fan of feathers.
• They possessed a rhynchokinetic skull with relatively unfused cranial bones, a weakly fused pygostyle and a splenial.
• By contrast, the function of the pygostyle in the terrestrial " Nomingia " is not known.
• According to D鰀erlein the reduced tail of " Anurognathus " was similar to the pygostyle of modern birds.
• A few bones, including a pygostyle found at the Calvert Site in Southern Ontario, came from the Carolina parakeet.
• Perhaps such ornaments were widespread in Caenagnathoidea and their relatives, and ultimately the oviraptorosaurian pygostyle evolved to help support them.
• The Ornithothoraces have a ploughshare-shaped pygostyle, while the more primitive members had longer, rod-shaped pygostyles.
• The first birds inherited teeth and long, bony tails from their dinosaur ancestors, and short pygostyle tails by the Early Cretaceous.
• The presumed pygostyle was absent; investigating the real nine tail vertebrae instead of impressions showed that they were unfused, though very reduced.
• In living birds, the remaining caudal vertebrae are fused into a further bone, the pygostyle, for attachment of the tail feathers.
• A tail fan is also indicated by the presence of a pygostyle in " Nomingia ", suggesting that this feature was widespread among oviraptorosaurs.
• The related " Similicaudipteryx ", described in 2008, also had a rod-like pygostyle, associated with a fan of tail feathers.