qaly การใช้

• One analysis found a cost of $ 45, 017 per QALY.
• Because of these theoretical assumptions, the meaning and usefulness of the QALY is debated.
• The standard measure of health impact is the Quality-Adjusted Life Year ( QALY ).
• A common application of the ICER is in quality-adjusted life year ( QALY ) gained.
• NICE calculates an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in terms of quality-adjusted life years ( QALY ).
• Australia applies QALY measures for its form of Medicare to control costs and ration care, while allowing private supplemental insurance.
• According to Pliskin et al ., The QALY model requires utility independent, risk neutral, and constant proportional tradeoff behaviour.
• This focuses on the efficiency ( in terms of the cost per QALY ) of the technologies in question rather than their efficacy.
• Treatments under ?0, 000 per QALY gained are considered cost-effective, but those above ?0, 000 per QALY are rarely approved.
• Treatments under ?0, 000 per QALY gained are considered cost-effective, but those above ?0, 000 per QALY are rarely approved.
• They found that neither method brought about financial savings, but were cost-effective nonetheless because they brought about an increase in QALY's.
• The research showed that the telecare approach was not cost effective, with an incremental cost per QALY when added to usual care of ?2, 000.
• NICE guidance supports the use of quality-adjusted life years ( QALY ) as the primary outcome for quantifying the expected health benefits associated with a given treatment regime.
• Some witnesses, including patient organisations and pharmaceutical companies, thought NICE should be more generous in the cost per QALY threshold it uses, and should approve more products.
• A concept called " quality-adjusted life year " ( QALY-pronounced " qualy " ) is used to measure the cost-benefit of applying a particular medical procedure.
• It is argued that this method of allocating healthcare means some patients must lose out in order for others to gain, and that QALY is a crude method of making life and death decisions.
• The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group conducted a 2012 study evaluating the costs and benefits ( in quality-adjusted life-years or QALY's ) of lifestyle changes versus taking the drug metformin.
• UK agencies estimated the cost per quality adjusted life year ( QALY ) at between ?35, 000 and ?, 274, 000  well above the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thresholds.
• Williams was an advocate of the quality-adjusted life year ( QALY ) as a measure of healthcare benefit and his work arguably influenced the creation of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in 1999.
• However, QALY is subjective to each patient and brings up moral dilemmas such as whether or not it is cost-effective to do a life saving operation on someone who is elderly or has other complications.