risk-neutral การใช้

• An pricing formulas and hedging stratagem for european contingent claims with no risk - neutral valuation
• The principal can get the maximum profit by leasing the firm , if and only if the agent is risk - neutral
• Firstly , the article studies the classic black - scholes option pricing model and concludes the black - scholes option pricing formula with the risk - neutral valuation method
• From the broad definition of option , this paper derives the concept of real option . further , based on theories of net present value , decision tree , and real options , the risk - neutral pricing theory is introduced
• Due to the un - uniqueness of the price about the basic risk asset , the pricing of its derivative assets is not based on the real probability distribution of the ( random ) return of the basic risk asset , but based on the so - called risk - neutral probability which depends on the price of the basic risk asset
• The introduction black - scholes models still assumed , namely the introduction of modern process ( wiener process , also called brownian motion ) to save the stock yield random fluctuations , weak markets and the effectiveness of the use of consistent share of the techniques ( ( markov property ) to describe the stock price change random process , the use of risk - neutral pricing theory through the analysis of the nature of asset price process martingale , established european style to the value of stock options with mathematical models
• Chapter three studies basic knowledge about reset option , including types , structures and features of reset option . chapter four firstly introduces risk - neutral pricing theory , and on the basis of single - point reset option , designs a two - points reset option , at the same time under condition that the price of stock follows geometric brown motion in risk - neutral condition : ds ( t ) = s ( t ) [ ( r ( t )
• Clearly the probability law of the return for a derivative asset ( associated with the basic risk asset ) depends only on the real probability in distribution of the ( random ) return of the basic risk asset ( this is surely unique ) , nothing related to the artificial risk - neutral probability . do n ' t you think this is un - consistent